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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD

OF

Salt Lake City and Vicinity

Containing Biographies of JVell Knowfi Citize?i. of the Past and Present

I I

NATIONAL HISTORICAL RECORD CO., CHICAGO

1902

"Let the record be made of the men and things of today, lest thev pass out of memory tomorrow and are lost. Then perpetuate them, not upon wood or stone that crumbles to dust, but upon paper, chronicled in picture and in words that endure forever." — Kirkland.

"A true delineation of the smallest man in his scene of pilgrimage through life is capable of interesting the greatest man. All men are to an unspeak- able degree brothers, each man's life a strange emblem of every man's; and human portraits, faithfully drawn, are, of all pictures, the welcomest on human walls." — Thomas Carlyle.

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CITY AND COUNTY BUILDING.

PREFACE

In presenting this work to the citizens of Salt Lal<e City and vicinity, we do not aim to per- petuate every feature worthy of perpetuation in this notable locality ; such an effort would be be- yond us in a work of this character, but we have tried to faithfully portray some of the leading characteristics of the people who have made Utah and especially this section of it, famous throughout the known world. Other States and cities are renowned for their great beauty of scen- ery, unsurpassed climate or wealth of mineral and agricultural productions ; Utah has all these and more — she came into existence as the home of the Mormon Church, settled at a time when railroads were unknown to the West ; her solitudes undisturbed by any foot save that of the savage red man and the wild beasts who had their lairs in the mountain crags or roamed the valleys and plains at will, far remote from the outposts of civilization. Since then Salt Lake City, as the headquarters of the Church, situated near the great lake whose name she bears, has become the Mecca to which the footsteps of many tourists turn every year. In the early days many sorrows and dissensions came to disturb the peace and harmony that had long prevailed among this people, but that condition has long since passed, and today the stranger may find people of every shade of religious and political belief living in the most pleasant relations, jealous only of the well-being of the State of which all are justly proud, and as she has grown in wealth and importance, people from every State and country are realizing more and more the desirability of this city as a permanent home.

We have endeavored to exercise the greatest care in the compilation of this work, employing men of wide experience in this line, who have spent months of conscientious endeavor in se- curing reliable data. Care has been taken to have it as correct as possible, and we trust that in 'the main it will be found true to facts and the reliable record of the people of this time that we have sought to make it. We regret that the work will not contain biographies of all the representative men of this city and vicinity, but owing to some of them being absent from home and others not being able to appreciate the value and scope of such a work, a few have necessarily been omitted. However, there will be found within these pages the biographies of a large majority of the leading citzens of Salt Lake City and vicinity, some of whom came here in early manhood from Eastern States and other countries, and many are native born ; men whom any State might well be proud to claim as sons.

Within a comparatively short period of time, the last of these worthy people will have taken their departure from this vale of tears, and gone to that bourne from whence none re- turn, and, as the years creep by, the true merit of such a work as we present will be better appreciated, as it will contain much valuable biography that otherwise never would have ap- peared in print, and been irretrievably lost to the world.

BIOGRAPHICAL

ON. HEBER MANNING WELLS. The Government of the United States has been likened to a monster machine made up of separate and semi-inde- pendent smaller mechanisms upon whose perfect attunement depends the rythmic re- volving of the balance wheel of the Nation. The organization of these forty-five smaller machines, which constitute the Nation, is similar to that of the whole broad organization which is charged with the general welfare of the country and its standing in the congress of the world powers.

To the chief executive of each of these sev- eral States is intrusted, so far as their own country is concerned, powers that correspond to the deities of the Chief Executive of the Nation. The governors of the new States, which have l)ten carved out of the great West, have been confronted with new and trying situations, and novel questions have been presented for determi- i.ation. In few States have these conditions been so complex or difficult as in Utah. From the time of its birth as a State, in 1896, down to the present writing, in 1902. one man has held the helm and has so well guided the affairs of the State, that he is now among the most popular and efficient governors of the States of the Union. To a greater or less degree, the growth and prosperity of a State is a reflex of the character of the man who presides over its affairs and guides its life. With this as a criterion, it follows that the prosperous growth of Utah and the devel- opment of its resources, which have gone forward with a rapid increase since its acquisition of State- hood, the people of Utah made a judicious choice when they called Heber Planning Wells to oc- cupy the highest place in their gift. He came

to the gubernatorial chair fully equipped for the duties of the position, through his active business career, and the prominent part he took in aiding in the establishment and growth of the industries of Utah, and especially of Salt Lake City, and his able administration of the duties entrusted to him has proved the wisdom of the choice.

It is safe to say there has never been a native son of Utah who has been so highly and univers- ally respected as Governor Wells. The confi- dence, honor and esteem which the people of this State have seen fit in their judgment to confer upon him, has not been unmerited. His whole life — private, business and official, from his boy- hood up, has been honorable, straightforward and upright, and under his administration the affairs of the State have been judiciously and economically handled.

The bill for the admission of Utah to Statehood successfully passed both branches of Congress during the session of 1894. The proclamation of admission was signed by President Cleveland Jan- nary 4, 1896, three months after Governor Wells had been elected. His election as first Governor of the State of Utah occurred in November, 1895, for a term of five years, commencing January 4, 1896. He did such efficient work during those years and so eminently satisfactory w^as his en- tire administration, that demands for his re-elec- tion came from every quarter, regardless of party affiliation or religious creed, and he was elected, by a large majority, for a term of four years, commencing January i, 1901.

Heber Manning Wells was born in Salt Lake City on .August 11, 1859. He is a son of the late President Daniel Hanmer Wells, one of the n.ost noteworthy men in the history of the Mor-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

mon Church of the State of Utah, standing in the front ranks of the leaders of the Church and being closely identified with every enterprise for the development or advancement of the State for a period covering forty-three years. His bi- ographical sketch will be found in another part of this work. Governor Well's mother was Martha (Harris) Wells. He finished his education at the University of Deseret, now the University of Utah, and began his business career at the age of sixteen. From the time that he was old enough to take any interest in politics at all, he has been strongly Republican in his views. His first em- ployment was in the office of the city tax collector, where he remained for five years, after which he served in the capacity of deputy city recorder for a period of two years. In 1883 he was ap- pointed by the City Council to the position of citv recorder, to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Hon. John T. Caine as delegate to Congress. At the expiration of the term, in 1884, he was elected to the same position, being re-elected in 1886 and again in 1888. He was de- feated for the fourth term, at the election held in 1890, by Louis Hyams.

On May 6, 1890, he became cashier of the State Bank of Utah, and held that position until after his second election as Governor of the State, He is at this time a director in that institution ; also a director the Brigham Young Trust Com- pany, and of the Consolidated Wagon and Ma- chine Company.

Governor Wells has been three times married ; his first wife was Mary Elizabeth Beatie, whom he married January 15, 1880. She died October 12, 1888, leaving two children — Heber D. and Mary. He was married a second time on Oct- ober 15, 1892, to Teresa Clawson, who died July II, 1897, leaving two children — Martha and Florence. He married on June 5, 1901, Miss Emily Katz.

In social life the Governor is a member of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, and also of the Sons of the Pioneers of Utah. He is also a member of the American Protective Tar- iff League.

Governor Wells public career has been above criticism, and his record challenges comparison

with that of any governor Utah has ever had. While he comes of Mormon parentage, was born and raised in the Mormon Church, and her prin- ciples and doctrine are as dear to him as his own life, in the many trying positions in which he has been placed during the time he has occupied the gubernatorial chair he has been singularly free from prejudice towards all questions, and has placed himself squarely on record as desiring that the Church shall stand true to the promises made at the time of her admission into the Union, with regard to the polygamy question ; that that ques- tion should be forever buried, and that out of the ashes of the dead past should rise a State of which every citizen should be justly proud, and of whose honor he should be as jealous as of his own. He has followed his convictions of right, regard- less of the opinions of anyone, and his opinions and decisions have been handed down, only after deep and searching investigation of the question under advisement. This principle cannot be bet- ter illustrated than by giving here a few extracts from a speech made by the Governor in the Salt Lake Theatre, November 5, 1898, at the time Brigham H. Roberts was running for Congress. Governor Wells said, in part:

"I realize that this is a subject that should not belong to politics, but in view of the pledges which the people have made here, and which the LInited States understands, and which I myself have made, I cannot shut my eyes to the con- sequences that will come if Mr. Roberts is elected to Congress. It is unnecessary to refer to the solemn assurances of the people on this ques- tion— we understand that they ivere made, and that Mr. Roberts, as well as any other speaker, has frequently expressed himself as astonished and appalled that the sincerity of the people of Utah should be questioned in regard to their abandonment of the old conditions, and their acceptance of the new conditions imposed by Statehood. In my inaugural address, and at other times, I have given my personal assurance that the question of poligamy, as affecting the people of Utah, was a dead issue. * * * To vote for the Democratic candidate is to vote against Utah, and gives an open invitation to Congress to renew the warfare against the Mor-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

13

mon people. * * * j yield to no man in my love for the people of this State, and it is be- cause of this love that I feel impressed to utter these words."

OSEPH F. SMITH. The office of President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints requires for its proper discharge a man of large under- standing, prompt and decisive in his ac- tions, broad and tolerant of the opinions of oth- ers, and an ability of a rare order. These quali- ties, so necessary for the proper discharge of the enormous responsibilities of this important posi- tion, are happily blended in the character of its sixth president, Joseph F. Smith who, upon the death of Lorenzo Snow, on October 10, 1901, succeeded to that office.

His life has been crowded full of stirring deeds, narrow escapes from a violent death, and a conscientious discharge of the duties of the Church with which he was intrusted. To few of the leading men, pioneers of Utah, has it been the lot to enter so fully into the vital interests of the community and to discharge with such zeal and fidelity the onerous duties assigned to them, as has been the case with President Smith.

His father and mother were devout Mormons and among the leaders of the Church. He was horn at Far West, Caldwell county, Missouri, on November 13, 1838, at a time when the feeling of that State ran strongly against the people of the Church. His father, Hyrum Smith, the sec- ond patriarch' of the Church, and brother of the prophet, Joseph Smith, was one of the men de- livered into the hands of the armed mob under command of General Clarke, through the base treachery of Colonel Hinckle, on November 1st, 1838. They were incarcerated in jail and on the following day were permitted to say farewell to their families. Under a strong guard of the militia, Hyrum Smith was escorted to his home at Far West, and was ordered to take leave of his wife. Here, on the thirteenth day of that month, was born to her a son, whom she named Joseph Fielding Smith. Here, in the midst of plundering and scenes of the severest hardships and perse-

cutions, this future president of this modern Church had his birthplace.

In January, of the following year, his mother, leaving her husband's four children, by his de- ceased wife, under the care of her sister, Mercy R. Thompson, made the long and hard journey from Far West to Liberty Jail, in Clay county, taking with her the new-born infant. Here she was permitted to see her husband, who, without trial or conviction, was confined in the jail, with no more specific charge against him than that he was a "Mormon." She was permitted to tarry but a short time with her husband, being com- pelled to continue her flight from Missouri, with her children, and seek refuge in Illinois.

In such manner was the infant days of the future President of the Church spent, and it was an arduous and inauspicious beginning of his wonderful career. It doubtless developed in him his great love for the Church of his choice, for which his father and uncle suffered imprisonment and death, and for which his mother underwent untold persecutions.

The mother of the President was Mary Field- ing, who was of English ancestry. She was a woman with a remarkably bright mind, strong character and endowed with e-xecutive and admin- istrative ability of a high order. To her efforts and to the principle she inculcated into his mind, her son owes much of his success in his chosen work, and the stamp she placed upon his character is a living monument to her love and purity.

The boyhood days of Joseph were spent in the midst of the agitations against the Church in Missouri and Illinois, and which reached a climax in the killing of his uncle and father on June 27, 1844, at Carthage, Plancock county, Illinois. Upon the abandonment of the city by the Twelve, and when the majority of the members of the Church had been expelled from Nauvoo in Sep- tember, 1846, his Spartan mother fled from the city and found a refuge on the west side of the Mississippi river, among the trees on its banks, where she remained without even the shelter of a wagon or a tent, during the bombardment of the city by the mob. Later she succeeded in ex- changing her property in Illinois for teams and an outfit, and set out for Winter Quarters on the

14

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Missouri River, where Council Bluffs now stands, that being the first place settled. It being on the Indian reservation, they could only make a temporary stop ; so they crossed and settled about seven miles north of where Omaha now stands, and that place is now called Florence.

On this trip, across the plains of Iowa, Joseph, then a lad of about eight years of age, drove a yoke of oxen and a wagon almost the entire distance, and after his arrival at Winter Quarters, secured employment as a herd boy. Here, on the Western plains, guarding cattle and living in the open air, he got his first taste of the freedom of the West, and the love for freedom and justice that deepened in him as the years passed, received its impetus from this free life of his youth.

It was here that he built up his wonderful constitution and laid the foundation of that great strength and endurance which has enabled him to successfully undergo experiences that would be ordinarily fatal to most men. Notwithstanding the sedentary occupation of his maturer years, he still possesses an erect, robust and muscular form, and enjoys the perfect health that comes from a well ordered life.

He is a firm believer in the efficacy of work and is a lover of strength. He has expressed as one of his beliefs that "Labor is the key to true hap- piness of the physical and spiritual being." "If a man possesses a million" he believes that "his children should still be taught how to labor with their hands ; boys and girls should receive a home training which will fit them to cope with the practical daily affairs of family life, even where the conditions are such that they may not have to do this work themselves ; they will then know how to guide and direct others."

The ardent desire of all the members of the Church, then gathered at Winter Quarters, was to secure the means to enable them to make the trip to the Salt Lake Valley and begin the work of settling that country. With this end in view, efforts were made to secure employment in Iowa and in the neighboring States ; the occupations ranged from school teaching to farming. In the fall of 1847, Joseph Smith drove a team, for his mother, to St. Joseph, to secure provisions for

the journey to Utah, and in the following spring the trip was successfully accomplished.

In the fall of 1847, while tending his mother's cattle, he underwent one of the most thrilling experiences of his life. The cattle represented their capital to defray the cost of the journey across the plains, and so deeply was this fact im- pressed on the mind of the lad, that he viewed them as a precious heritage, whose loss would be irreplacable. On the morning in question, in company with Thomas and Allen Burdick, he set out for the usual duties of the day. The valley in which the cattle were feeding was some distance from the settlement and had two entrances, one over a plateau and the other through a ravine or small canyon. The boys were all mounted on swift horses, Joseph's bay mare being the best. The party separated, Thomas and Joseph taking the short route over the plateau and Alden going up the canyon. When the valley was reached, the cattle were seen feeding by a stream which divided it in the center and wound down the canyon from the direction of the settlement. Having the whole day before them, and their duties as herders not being arduous, the lads amused themselves with feats on horseback and testing the swiftness of their horses. While engaged in jumping their horses over a little gully in the upper part of the valley, a band of twenty or thirty Indians came suddenly into view around a point in the lower part of the valley, some distance below the cattle. They were first seen by Thomas Burdick who frantically yelled "Indians !'' wheeled his hors^e, for the "bench" and started for home. Joseph started to follow him, but remembering his cattle and what they represented to him and to his brave mother, resolved to save them if such a thing was possible. All thought of escape vanished and determined to save the cattle he headed the horse for the Indians, in order to get around the herd before the Indians reached it. One In- dian passed him in the attempt to overtake Thomas, and Joseph succeeded in reaching the head of the herd and in turning the cattle up the ravine just as the Indians arrived. His efforts, unconsciously aided by the rush and yells of the Indians, stampeded the herd up the valley, and Joseph, following them on his horse, succeeded,

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

15

by keeping his horse at its best pace, in remain- ing between the Indians and the herd. The scene was one of the most thrilHng in the annals of the fight of the settlers in conquering the West. The herd of stampeded cattle, the boy herder and the Indians racing at their best speed straight for the settlement. Finally the red men succeeded in cutting Joseph from the herd, to a spring, whereupon he turned and going down stream a distance, then circled around the stream to the right and endeavored to rejoin the cattle from the side. He had not proceeded far in that direction when other Indians appeared. They started for him, overtaking him as he emerged from the valley. He still spurred his horse, going at full speed, and while thus riding, two of the naked reds closed up behind him and took him, with the horses at full speed, one by the left arm and the other by the right leg, and lifting him from the saddle, held him for a moment in the air and then suddenly dropped him to the ground. He would undoubtedly have been scalped but for the timely appearance of a company of men going to the hayfields, on the opposite side of the ravine, which scared the Indians away, not, however, before they had secured the horses of both the boys. In the meantime, Thomas had given the alarm and two relief parties were hastily formed in the settlement. One, a posse of horsemen, under Hosea Stout, who went up the canyon and found the cattle with Alden Burdick, the pursuing Indians having abandoned the chase from fright ; while the others took the bench route and discovered Joseph who, with them, spent the day in a fruitless search for the Indians and the cattle supposed to have been stolen. President Smith, in relating this experience, said : "I remember, on my way home, how I sat down and wept for my cattle, and how the thought of meeting mother, who could not now go to the valley, wrung my soul with anguish." But happily his bravery and fidelity to his trust, which are indissolubly woven with his character as a man, had saved the herd.

Joseph and his mother left Winter Quarters in the spring of 1848 and reached Salt Lake Valley on Sept mber 23, of that year, Joseph driving two yoke of oxen with a heavily loaded

wagon the entire distance across the plains and mountains. He performed all the duties of a day watchman, herdsman and teamster, as well as all the other duties, shared by the men, except night- guarding. Upon his arrival in Utah, he again became a herder, with intervals of plowing, can- yon work, harvesting and fencing, and during this whole time he never lost an animal entrusted to his care, notwithstanding the large number of wolves that then lived in the valley.

His education was given him by his mother, who early taught him, in the tent, in the camp and on the prairie, to read the Bible. He has had no other save the sterner lessons gathered from the practical pages of life's book. His op- portunities, in later life, have not been unused, and there are few college-bred men who delight more in books than does President Smith. He is, too, a good judge of the matter and manner of books. His leisure for reading is limited, owing to his constant employment in the affair of the Church ; but he enjoys reading books of history, philosophy and science, and has taken special de- light in reading the works of Seiss and Samuel Smiles who may be said to be his favorite au- thors. He is fond of music and is a great lover of it, finding keen enjoyment in the music of the human voice.

Four years after his arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, his Spartan mother died, leaving him an orphan at the age of fourteen. During the next year of his life he, with other young men, was called on for his first mission for the Church, and was assigned to the Sandwich Islands. The incidents of the journey to the coast by horses, his work in the mountains at a shingle mill for means to proceed, the embarkment and journey on the Vaquero for the Isilands, would more than fill the space allotted to this sketch ; while his labors in the Maui conference, under President F. A. Hammond, his efforts to learn the language in the district of Kula, his attack of sickness — the most severe in his life, caused by the Panama fever, and his other labors, together with his varied and trying experiences while there, would easily fill this volume.

After the successful completion of his mis- sionary work, he returned to Utah, arriving in

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

1858, and at once joined the militia under Colonel Thomas Callister, which intercepted the march of Johnston's army. He served imder Colonel Callister until the close of hostilities, and was later Chaplain of Colonel Heber P. Kimball's regiment, with the rank of captain. He took part in many expeditions against the Indians and was in every sense a minute man in the Utah militia.

He was again called to go on a mission in i860, this time to Great Britain, and he drove a four mule team across the plains to provide for his passage. On this mission he served nearly three years, returning in the summer of 1863. While on this work his intimacy with President George Q. Cannon began, which grew stronger as their lives lengthened, and ended only in the death of President Cannon. Upon his return to Utah, President Brigham Young proposed, at a Priesthood meeting, that Joseph and his cousin, Samuel, each be given a thousand dollars to begin life on. President Smith realized in the neighbor- hood of seventy-five dollars in provisions and merchandise, but mainly a legacy of much annoy- ance from people who entertained the current belief that he had thus acquired a small fortune. With the bare exception of the cost of his pas- sage and stage fare home, which had been sent him by his aunt, Mercy R. Thompson, amounting to about one hundred dollars, he paid all his ex- penses throughout, as he had done on previous missions. President Smith has been too busy and devoted to his work in the Church to devote much time to his personal affairs, and his worldly af- fairs bear strong testimony to his exclusive devotion to the good of his people.

His next work was as a missionary to the Sandwich Islands, where, in the spring of 1864, he accompanied Ezra T. Benson and Lorenzo Snow and immediately set to work to straighten the tangle into which the affairs of the Church had got, through the actions of Walter M. Gib- son. In this mission Joseph Smith acted as prin- cipal interpreter for the Apostles. After the excommunication of Gibson from the Church, Joseph Smith was left in charge of the mission there, with W. W. Ciufif and Alma L. Smith as his fellow-laborers. The effort of the false teachings

of Gibson were such that it was some months before the people returned to the doctrines of the Church. Prominent among the work accom- plished by Joseph Smith and his associates on this mission was the selection of the Laie plan- tation as a gathering place for the Saints, which was afterward, on their recommendation, pur- chased by a committee, sent for that purpose, by President Young, and it has since demon- strated its value to the mission and to the Church as well. Joseph Smith returned to Utah from this mission in the winter of 1864-5.

It was while absent on this mission that Presi- dent Snow so nearly lost his life from drowning. The party attempted to land from the ship in an unwieldy boat across a narrow strip of rough sea. Strongly against the advice of Joseph Smith they attempted the landing, leaving Mr. Smith and all their valuables on the ship. The boat was overturned and all were rescued, save President Snow, who was apparently drowned, but after heroic treatment and the artificial renewal of respiration, was safely restored to consciousness.

LTpon his return to Utah in the winter of 1864-5, President Smith was employed in the office of the Church historian, where he remained for a number of years ; he was also a clerk in the endowment house, succeeding Elder John V. Long in that capacity ; being in charge, after the death of President Young, until it was closed. He had been ordained as an Apostle under the hands of President Young, on July i, 1866, and on October 8, 1867, he was appointed to fill a vacancy in the quorum of the Twelve Apostles.

In the following year he was sent with Apostle Wilford Woodruff and Elder A. O. Smoot to Utah county, and served one term in the Provo city council.

He was assigned to a second mission to Eng- land on February 28, 1874. where he was the pre- siding officer of the European mission, returning to Utah in 1875, after the dtath of President George A. Smith. Upon his return he was ap- pointed to preside over the Davis Stake until the spring of 1877, when he left for his third mission to England, having witnessed the dedi- cation of the first temple in the Rocky mountains, at St. George, April, 1877. He arrived in Liver-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

17

pool on May 27, of that year, wlu're he was joined later by Apostle Orson Pratt, who had been sent to publish new editions of the Book of Mormon and the Doctrine and Covenants. When the news of the death of President Young ar- rived, they were released from their work and returned to Utah, arriving in Salt Lake City on September 27, 1877. In August, of the following year, he was sent, with Apostle Orson Pratt, on a short mission in the eastern part of the United States, visiting noted places in the history of the Church in Missouri, New York, Ohio and Illi- nois. It was on this trip that they had their famous interview with David Whitmer.

L^pon the organization of the First Presidency, in October, 1880, he was chosen second counsellor to President John Taylor, who died July 25, 1887. He was again chosen to this position in the Presidency under President \voodruflf; and again held it under President Snow. Upon the death of the latter and the organization of the First Presidency, he was selected President of the Church.

To attempt to make a sketch of his services in civil capacities in Salt Lake City and in the Legislature would be biit to repeat the history of Salt Lake City and of Utah. His public service was marked with the same zeal and fidelity that he displayed in his Church work, and his honesty of purpose and straightforward course has won for him the love, confidence and esteem of the whole community. He is a friend of the people, easily approached, a wise counsellor, a man of broad views, and, contrary to first impressions, is a man whose sympathies are easily aroused. He is a reflex of the best character of the Mor- mon people — inured to hardships, patient in trial, God-fearing, self-sacrificing, full of love for the human race, powerful in tnoral, mental and physical strength.

As a public speaker, his leading trait is in- tense earnestness. He impresses the hearer with his message more from the sincerity of its de- livery, and the honest earnestness of his manner, than from any learned exhibition of oratory or studied display of logic. He touches the hearts of the people with the simple eloquence of one who is himself convinced of the truths presented.

He is a pillar of strength in the Church of his choice, thoroughly imbued with the truths of the Gospel, and the divine origin of this work. His whole life and testimony are an inspiration to all men, and the career he has attained marks him as a man who would have been a leader in what- ever he had undertaken. Under his direction, the Church has already began to gather a new im- petus, and the years of the twentieth century will undoubtedly make great progress under his wise and able administration.

President Smith has an imposing physical ap- pearance. Now, in his sixty-third year, he is tall, erect, well-knit and symmetrical in build. He has a prominent nose and features. When speak- ing, he throws his full, clear, brown eyes wide open on the listener, who may readily perceive, from their penetrating power, the wonderful men- tality of the man. His large head is crowned with an abundant growth of hair — in his early years, dark ; but now, like his full beard, tinged with a liberal sprinkling of grey. In conversa- tion, one is forcibly impressed with the sudden changes in appearance of his countenance, under the different influences of his mind ; now in- tensely pleasant, with an enthusiastic and child- like interest in immediate subjects and surround- ings ; now absent, the mobility of his features set in that almost stern, majesty of expression so characteristic of his portraits — so indicative of the severity of the conditions and environments of his early life.

RESIDENT JOHN R. WINDER, First Counsellor to President Smith, prominent among the pioneer workers who have so successfully reared a State out of the great American wilder- ness and developed the natural resources that are hidden in the mountains and valleys, is the sub- ject of this sketch. His work has not been con- fined to the Church of his choice, but has in- cluded the labors incident to the development of the State. In all the positions he has held — civil, military and ecclesiastical, he has invariably performed the tasks allotted to him in a manner satisfactory to his official superiors, and to his

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

fellow citizens in general. From an unpromising and inauspicious beginning, from a life that, in its youth, seemed to be bound by the narrow limits of his native country, he has risen to the opportunities that have presented themselves and has made for himself a name that stands high in the annals of Utah.

John Rex Winder, son of Richard and Sophia (Collins) Winder, was born at Biddenden, Kent, England, on December ii, 1821. His parents were members of the Church of England, and their son was baptized in that church when but an infant, and at the age of fourteen was con- firmed as one of its members, under the hands of the Archbishop of Canterbury. His early life was spent in his native town, and his early education, such as it was, was derived through his own efforts.

At the age of twenty he went to London and obtained employment in a shoe store. He was married on November 24th, 1845, ^"d two years after, left London, taking charge of an establish- ment in Liverpool where he arrived in August, 1847, ^nd resided there for the next six years.

So far, his life had followed the usual line of the majority of the Englishmen, but the whole trend of his character and his life was changed in July, 1848, when he first became acquainted with the teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The first meeting of the Church, that he attended, was held in a music hall on Bold street, Liverpool, conducted by Elder Orson Spencer. After an examination of the principles of this religion, he became convinced of their truth and was baptized on September 20th, 1848, by Elder Thomas D. Brown; and on October 15th, following, his wife was baptized" by Apostle Orson Pratt. Upon joining the Church he was associated with the Liverpool branch until February, 1853, when he, with his family, set sail for America and Salt Lake, on the ship Elvira Owen. At this time Bishop Winder had three children living and one dead, two of the former being twin babies only four months old. Their trip across the ocean was one filled with hardship and horror. When but ten days out from Liverpool, our subject was taken with small- pox, which was brought on board ship by a

child who occupied the room next to his. He was the first to discover the disease, which soon spread, and six of the company were quaran- tined in a small house built on the deck for their accommodation. Through the illness of Bishop Winder his wife was left with no as- sistance in her task of caring for her twin babies on board of ship. So ill was the bishop that it was confidently expected that he would die from day to day, but believing that he would recover his health, he successfully fought off the dis- ease and was able to continue his journey. The party landed at New Orleans and went to Keo- kuk, Iowa, by way of St. Louis, and here our subject joined the company under Joseph W. Young, and made the long trip across the plains to Salt Lake, arriving in the Valley on October loth, 1853.

Shortly after his arrival in Utah he became as- sociated in business with Samuel Mullner, in the manufacture of saddles, boots and shoes, and in conducting a tannery, and in 1855 he enlarged his business interests and entered into a partnership, in that year, with William Jennings, then owner of a meat market and a tannery, and they also carried on the manufacture of boots, shoes, sad- dles and harness. This business he continued until July. 1858.

Prior to this he had taken an active part in the military life of the Church, having joined the Nauvoo Legion in 1855. He was Captain of the Company of Lancers stationed in Echo Canyon in the fall and winter of 1857-8, guarding the canyon and its approaches with fifty men, after Johnston's army had gone into winter quarters at Fort Bridger, and General D. H. Wells and Colonel R. T. Burton had returned to Salt Lake City. The tenseness of the situation having re- laxed. Captain Winder was relieved of vidette duty about Christmas, by Major H. S. Beatie, who took command of Camp Weber. His res- pite from military duty was, however, very short, for on March the 8th, of the following year, he raised a force of eighty-five men and accompanied General George D. Grant through Tooele county, Utah, on to the great desert, pursuing a band of Indians who had stolen a lot of horses from settlers in the valley. A blinding snow storm

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

19

was encountered on the desert and the trail of the Indians was lost, and the pursuers returned to Salt Lake. Shortly after his return Captain Winder was called to take chargfe of the defense in Echo Canyon, and he remained in this duty until peace was declared.

He dissolved his partnership with William Jennings and associated himself with President Brigham Young and Feramorze Little, and built a tannery on Parley's Canyon creek. W'hile en- gaged in this enterprise, he purchased his present home, "Poplar Farm," and engaged in farming and stock raising. The tannery business was car- ried on successfully until the native bark for tan- ning became scarce, and being unable to com- pete with importations, the business was sus- pended. During the years of 1865 to 1867, Bishop Winder participated in the Black Hawk Indian War in Sanpete County, serving part of the time as an aide to General Wells, and in 1868 he served as Assistant Adjutant-General, collecting and making up the accounts of the expenses of this work, amounting to one million, one hundred and twenty-one thousand and thirty- seven dollars and thirty-eight cents. This claim was submitted to Congress by Delegate William H. Hooper, but the expenses have never been reimbursed.

In addition to his military services and to his business enterprises in the early days of Utah, he has also been prominent in the administration of its political affairs, and in 1870 was appointed Assessor and Collector of Salt Lake City, holding that position for fourteen years. He also served three terms in the City Council, covering a period from 1872 to 1878. He resigned his position as Assessor and Collector in 1884 and was appointed Water Master of Salt Lake City, which position he held until April, 1887. retiring from that to enter upon his duties as Second Counsellor to Presiding Bishop Preston, to which position he was called at a General Confernce April 6th, and was set apart on the 25th of that month by President George O. Cannon and .Apostle Ftank- lin D. Richards.

When the Salt Lake Temple was approaching completion, in .April. 1892, it was especially de- sired to have the structure finished and readv for

dedication in April, 1893, forty years from the time its foundation stones were laid. To Bishop Winder was entrusted the work of completion, and he discharged that duty with his character- istic energy and zeal. He contributed liberally to the fund to defray the heavy expenses entailed, and after the dedication, was appointed in May, 1893, as First Assistant to President Lorenzo Snow, in charge of the Temple, which position he still holds. His great service to the Church in his sui)erintendence of the Temple, won for him the marked recognition of all the leaders of the Church.

In addition to these prominent parts he has held many important ecclesiastical positions in the Church. He was ordained as a Seventy in 1854, and in the following year became one of the Presidents of the Twelve Quorum of Seventies, being ordained a High Priest on March 4th, 1872, liy Presiding Bishop Edward Hunter, and placed in charge of the Fourteenth Ward of Salt Lake City during the absence of Bishop Thomas Tay- lor, on missionary work. He subsequently acted as Bishop Taylor's First Counsellor in this work. In April, 1872, he became a member of the High Council of Salt Lake Stake.

His life has been one of strenuous activity and one of stirring deeds and events. He was Lieu- tenant-Colonel of the first regiment of cavalry of the Nauvoo Legion. He has also been United States guager of the internal revenue department, and since 1856 a director of the Deseret Agri- cultural and Manufacturing Society, in addition to which he has been president of that organiza- tion from 1872 until his resignation in ryoo. He has taken an active part in the political affairs of the State and was a member of one of the early Constitutional Conventions. During the old po- litical regime he was for a long time Chairman of the Territorial and Central Committee of the People's party. He was a director in the Utah Iron Manufacturing Company, and at present is a director in the LUah Sugar Company of Salt Lake City, and the more recently established Ogden Sugar Company. He is President of the Deseret Investment Company and a director of the Zion Co-operative Mercantile Institution, and holds a similar position in the D'eseret National

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Bank and in the Deseret Savings Bank. He was Vice-President of the Pioneer Electric Company, as well as of the Union Light and Power Com- pany.

Bishop Winder's first wife, Ellen (Walters) Winder, died on November 7th, 1892. He has had three other wives, one of whom, Maria (Burn- ham) Winder, is still living. He is the father of twenty-three children and has sixty-three grand children and three great-grandchildren. At the advanced age of eighty-one years. Bishop Winder is in good health, active in the perform- ance of duties, and enjoys his life and his work as much now as he did in the days of his youth and prime.

On October 17th, 1901, when Joseph F. Smith was elected President of the Church, he appointed Bishop Winder as his First Counsellor, which appointment was confirmed by a special General Conference which was held on the same date of his appointment above mentioned.

He has made a remarkable career in Utah, and his undertakings have been eminently success- ful. He is one of the best posted men upon the affairs of the State and upon the condition of the West. A good citizen, devoted to his religion, and to the general interests of the people of his Church, and to the development of the State, he has won the confidence and trust of the leaders of the Church and the love of its members. His uprightness and integrity have won for him the respect and esteem of all the people of the West, and the career that he has made may well be an object of pride, alike to the Church and to his posterity.

RESIDENT ANTHON H. LUND. The cosmopolitan character of the United States is perhaps better illus- trated in Utah than in any other State in the West. To this State the more intelligent emmigrants, from Europe, were at- tracted by the teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and under the dis-

cipline of that Church and the teaching of its leaders, the foreign ideas have been submerged in the great wave of Americanism. These peo- ple have taken their share in the work of develop- ing the unpromising land from a wilderness to a state of civilization, and have aided in the growth of the Church to which they willingly gave their support. This adaptation is perhaps better illustrated in the life and career of Presi- dent Lund, the subject of this sketch, than by the life and work of any other foreigner who now owes allegiance to the United States. Pie has taken his full part in all the work incident to the subjugating of the wild country, and in building up the Church to its present high standing.

Anthon Henrik Lund was born in Aalborg, Denmark, May 15, 1844. When but a little more than three years of age, his mother died and he was reared under the care of his grandmother. His father was drafted into the Danish army in the fall of 1847 and sent with the forces of that government to subdue the insurrection of the people at Schleswig. In the following year, Schleswig and Holstein revolted, and for three years, with the aid of Prussia and Germany, waged a sanguinary war against Denmark. Through all this period, our subject's father served in the Danish army, and when he returned to his home it was to find his son a boy of seven years of age. Shortly after his return from the war, his father removed from his old home to a new site, thirty-five miles distant, and after much pleading, his son was left with his grandmother by whom he was reared and educated.

Following the example of all European coun- tries, Anthon Lund was sent to school at an early age, and at four years entered a private school where the rudiments of his education was begun. At the age of seven he entered the public schools of Aalborg, and here he displayed such zeal and aptitude that he was rapidly advanced from one grade to another. While preparing himself for graduation in the studies given in this school, he undertook the studies of the English, German and French languages. At the age of eleven he held the first place in school. His future activity in religious matters may be dated from almost the beginning of his life, for almost from the time

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

he could read, the Bible was his favorite book.

When Elder Erastus Snow arrived in Den- mark in 1850, upon his mission to the Scandinav- ian countries, among the early converts to the teachings of the church he represented, was Jens Anderson, the uncle of our subject, who was a respected and valued citizen of Cedar City, Utah. He died in the spring of 1901. His grandmother also became a member of the Church, being baptized in 1853, when Anthon was but nine years of age, and just before the emigration of his uncle for America. Anthon was thus brought into close contact with the teachmgs of the Church, but was deterred for some time from adopting that faith. This was due to the opposi- tion of his relatives and to the persecution to which the members of the Church were subjected. His life at school was made unpleasant by the taunts and physical torturing indulged in by the older boys. His industry in his studies, however, never flagged, and he won by his own merit the :oveted position of "Dux," or first place, in the upper class, notwithstanding the bitter opposition of several of the teachers. Upon the completion of his school course, his relatives wished him to take a collegiate course, but his desire to become a member of the then new Church overcame his love for the work of study, and on May 15, 1856, at the age of twelve years, he was bsptized and admitted into the membership by Elder Julander, and on the i8th of that month he was confirmed by Elder Peter Madsen, a former resident of the Second Ward of Salt Lake City.

W'hen our subject joined the Church, Elder C. D. Fjelsted presided over the Aalborg confer- ence, and Bishop C. A. Madsen, of Gunnison, was pastor over Aalborg and several other con- ferences. He and his wife, a highly educated woman, rendered the young member much valu- able assistance in his study of English, and their kindness resulted in a very warm attachment, on the young lad's part, for both Bishop and Mrs. Madsen. One year after his entrance into the work of the Church he was called to its labors, and at thirteen was teaching the emigrants Eng- lish, and distributing tracts and assisting the Elders in holding meetings. When he made his first report at the conference. Elder Fjelsted

lifted him upon a table, and in this way he made his debut before an audience. This began his active work and he traveled over the entire confer- ence, addressing meetings and making converts. At the age of sixteen he was ordained an Elder and appointed President of the Aalborg branch, and traveling elder in five other branches. This was a responsible position, and especially so for one so young, the branch being large and requiring constant and unremitting care. He continued his missionary labors until the year 1862 when, at the age of eighteen, he emigrated to Utah leaving Hamburg on the Benjamin Franklin. While lying in tliat port, an epidemic of measles broke out and spread over the ship, making fearful rav- ages among the children. There was no doctor on board and the captain would deliver medicine only upon the order of a physician. At a meeting of the members of the Church, on the ship, presided over by Bishop Madsen, it was agreed to appoint Elder Lund, physician for the company. Equipped with a book, treating of the common diseases, and the medicine chest, he creditably discharged all the duties required of him to the satisfaction of the passengers and the crew.

That year, four ships left Denmark with emi- grants for Utah. These met at Florence, near Omaha, Nebraska, where some continued the journey in conveyances furnished by Utah mem- bers, and the others were organized into two independent commands under Bishop C. A. Mad- sen and Patriarch O. N. Liljenquist. Elder Lund traveled across the plains in the company headed by Bishop Madsen, and arrived in Salt Lake City on September 23, 1862, after an overland journey of seventy-one days.

Upon his arrival in the valley Elder Lund at once took hold of the work before him and has ever since been actively and prominently identi- fied with the work of the Church and the de- velopment of the State. He first located at Fair- view, Sanpete county, but three months later re- moved to Mt. Pleasant. Here he remained until the fall of 1870. His first work in Utah was at farm labor, digging potatoes, working on the threshing machines and following the routine of farm work as long as such employment could be had. He then secured employment in a harness

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

shop and later in a shoe shop. He was never idle a day, and in a land where work could be had for the asking was always busy. He was offered a home in the family of John Barton, whose chil- dren he taught in the evenings, and by that fam- ily he was treated as one of themselves.

To Elder Lund, as to so many others who have come to Utah, the first impressions and ex- periences of the new country were discouraging and depressing. His books were missed most, and an old hand book in astronomy, without maps, which he happened to find, became one of his most cherished possessions. He studied it and drew his own maps, using the hearthstone for a table, and was able to locate the constellations of the stars and trace the planets. In this manner passed his first winter in Utah.

In 1864, the Church called him to go as a team- ster to the Missouri River, to conduct to L'tah immigrants who had collected there. This mis- sion he performed with his usual ability and faithfulness.

When President Brigham Young called a num- ber of young men to come to Salt Lake City to learn telegraphy, Elder Lund was selected as one of the number to be instructed. During his stay at the capitol he became acquainted with Elder John Henry Smith and other prominent members of the Church, with whom he has since been intimately associated in Church work. Having successfully mastered telegraphy, he returned ro Mt. Pleasant and assumed charge of its telegraph office. Here he also had a photograph gallery, and when the first co-operative institution was started in that place, he was made its secretary. He was also elected a member of the city council. Notwithstanding these varied duties, he still found time to attend to the work of the Church, and in 1865 assisted in founding the first Sunday school in his city, which proved successful in a high de- gree.

In 1870, he removed to Ephraim, and in tne same year married Sarah Ann Peterson, daughter of Stake President Canute Peterson, by whom he had nine children, seven of. whom are still liv- ing. In the following year he was called upon to undertake his first foreign mission, being assigned to assist Elder Canute Peterson in Denmark.

Here the latter was appointed president of the Scandinavian mission, and our subject became the business manager of the central office in Copen- hagen.

Upon his return to Ephraim, he became in- terested in the co-operative store there and in the next year was placed in charge of its affairs. This position he held for nine years, and its suc- cess was largely due to his wise and able admin- istration. In 1874 he was appointed a member of the High Council of Sanpete, and when the stake was organized in 1877, he became Stake Clerk and member of the new High Council. In the following year he was made superintendent of the Sunday School at Ephraim. He con- tinued to devote his time and attention to these multifarious duties until 1883, when he was called upon to go on another mission to Scan- dinavia, succeeding Elder C. D. Fjeldsted as president of that mission, and there he remained for two years and three months.

During his absence he was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature, and upon his ar- rival in the State at once took his seat in that body. He was re-elected in 1888 and his service in the administration of the affairs of the State was marked by the same courage, zeal and in- dustry that marked all his previous work.

The reform school and the agricultural col- lege are the fruits of his legislative labors ; he writing the bills for the establishment of the same.

In May, 188S he was appointed Vice-President of the JNIanti Temple, assisting President Daniel H. Wells, and in 1891 he succeeded to the presi- dency. At the organization of the General Church Board of Education he was appointed a member of that Board. In October, of the following year, he was called to the office of Apostle in the Church, and in 1893 was sent to preside over the European mission, spending more than three years in that work. His linguistic ability was of much service to him in his travels over the various mission fields and upon his visits to conferences, and his administration was highly successful.

Upon the death of Apostle Abraham H. Can- non, Apostle Lund was appointed director of the Zion Co-operative Mercantile Institution, and a

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

23

few years before had been made a director of the Zion"s Savings Bank. His next work for the Church was as a missionary to Palestine and Syria, where he was entrusted with the work of organizing the members of the Church and caring for their welfare generally. This work he completed satisfactorily and returned to Salt Lake City in the summer of 1898.

In the fall of 1898 he removed to Salt Lake City, where he has since made his home. Since that time he has continued his labors as an Apos- tle in the various States. In April, 1900. he was made superintendent of the Religion Classes, and in August of that year succeeded the late President Franklin D. Richards in the important post of Church Historian.

On October 17, 1901, under reorganization of the First Presidency, President Joseph F. Smith chose him as his second counselor, and he was sustained by the special General Confer- ence which was held in November, 1901. In 1902 he was appointed President of the Board of Trustees of the Latter-Day Saints University.

The career which President Lund has built up, both in the work of the Church and of the State, marks him as one of the remarkable men of Utah. To him, as one of the leaders in the work of civilization and improvement, is due to a large extent, the present satisfactory condi- tion of Utah and Salt Lake City. His sincerity in his beliefs, and his earnestness in his work, have won for him a high place in hearts of his people and have brought him the confidence and esteem of all the people with whom he had lived or visited. Throughout the State he enjoys a wide popularity, and his broadmindedness and charity have made him believed even by those opposed to his beliefs.

OX. ARTHUR L. THOMAS, Ex- Governor of Utah, ine lives of its citizens is the history of any commu- nity which the world reads closest and draws its deductions from to a

;e extent. A city may advertise its un-

surpassed climate, rugged mountain scenery, smiling valleys surrounding it on every hand, superb location and the style and beauty of its architecture, but the man who anticipates mov- ing his family to that city or making his home there, if he be of the better class, will ask what of its educational facilities; its religious and moral life and its civil government. If he place his finger upon these, the pulse of the city's life, and find them unsound, it were a waste of time to argue in favor of merely temporal advantages. There is scarcely a city of any size in the West that has not passed through its stage of lawless- ness and misrule, acquiring an unenviable rep- utation that has clung to it long years after the evils have been remedied, and against which the citizens have had to fight valiantly before con- vincing the world that the old conditions have been utterly vanquished. Salt Lake City has been peculiarly free from anything of this na- ture; she has been most fortunate in the class of men who have stood at the helm and guided not only her affairs, but those of the State at large, and every year sees the morals of her life purer and higher than the last, with the result that the best class of citizens in the territory contiguous to Utah turn involuntarily to Salt Lake City as the place in which to make their homes after accumulating fortunes in mines, cattle or sheep, and she bids fair to outrival all western cities at no very far distant day as the home of culture, refinement and wealth. Such a condition of aflfairs has only been made possible by the lives of such men as ex-Gov- ernor Thomas, the subject of this sketch, who has spent over twenty-three years of his life in Salt Lake City and done as much, if not more, than almost any other man for her advancement and uplifting. He has always been in public life, and is in close touch with all the needs of the city, as well as the State at large.

Governor Thomas was born in Chicago, Illi- nois, August 27, 1 85 1, and is the son of Henry J. Thomas, a native of Wales, who came to America as a boy, and after reachmg man's es- tate engaged in the copper and iron business in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he spent the greater portion of his life, and was known

24

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

among the Welsn people in America as a prom- inent Welsh scholar. He was a man of consid- erable influence in Pittsburg, and for ten years occupied the position of Municipal Judge. He married a Miss Eleanor Lloyd, a native of Ebensburg, Pennsylvania, the first exclusively Welsh settlement to be established in that State.

Our subject spent his early life in Pittsburg and received his education from the schools of that city, and later from a private tutor. At the age of eighteen years he started out to make his own way in life, and in the spring of 1869 received the appointment of a clerkship in the House of Representatives at Washington, D. C, which position he held continuously for a period of ten years. In the spring of 1879 he was ap- pointed Secretary of the Territory of Utah, and filled that position until 1887. During these years Governor Thomas became actively iden- tified with the life of the Territory, being ap- pointed in 1881 as special agent to collect sta- tistics of the churches and schools of the Terri- tory for the Government. He also received that same year the appointment of Census Super- visor for Utah. In 1884 he was appointed a member of the committee to compile and codify the laws of the Territory, and in 1886 was again named by the Legislative Assemblv for a simi- lar position, and from 1882 to 1887 was Dis- bursing Agent for the Government, having charge and control of all monies expended by the Utah Commission. In December, 1886, he was appointed a member of this Commission, and remained in that capacity until 1889, when he was appointed Governor. In 1888 he received the appointment of member and director of the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society, which position he held for two years.

He received the appointment of Governor of the Territory of Utah in the spring of 1889, his term lasting four years. The years covered by Governor Thomas' term of office are among the most momentous and eventful in the history of Utah. There was commenced the organization of the Republican and Democratic parties in Utah, and the new movement grew rapidly and ultimately embraced all the old political divisions. There has been no movement in all the history of

L'tah more pregnant with significant and far- reaching results than was this, and it brought to- gether Mormons and Gentiles in a common bond of sympathy for the political principles of their respective parties. The assessed valuation of property in the Territory almost doubled in value during that time, and many important enterprises were set on foot or completed. He was chair- man of the committee which accepted the plans of the present penitentiary buildings and form- ally accepted the same when completed. So thoroughly was the ground covered at that time that even to-day the State penitentiary of Utah ranks foremost among such institutions in this western country, being complete in every detail ; strong, commodious, the best of sanitation and a model institution of the kind. He was also chair- man of the Board of Trustees which completed the building of the State Agricultural College at Logan, which has become one of the great insti- tutions of the West, and which also built the State Reform School at Ogden — each excellent for the purpose for which it was designed. Gov- ernor Thomas also proved himself the staunch friend of education at this time. In his message to the Legislative Assembly he recommended the enactment of a new school law which would guarantee an absolutely free system to the State. In connection with Professor Benner of Ham- mond Hall, then a member of the Legislature, and Counselor Collett of Tooele county, Gov- ernor Thomas helped prepare the bill which after- wards became a law, providing for free schools in Utah, and which bill he approved as Governor after it had passed both houses ; and the impetus thus given to education has resulted in a public school system which is second to none in the entire western country. It was also during his term of office that the forming of new polyga- mous relations was formally renounced by the Mormon Church, through a manifesto issued by President Wilford Woodruff.

After retiring from the office of Governor, Mr. Thomas became President of the Idaho Irri- gation and Colonization Company, and Manager of the Utah Savings and Trust Company of Salt Lake City, which latter position he resigned when appointed postmaster.

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

25

Governor Thomas has been a member of the Republican State Committee for many years, and was Chairman of the Republican State Congres- sional Convention held in 1899. He was also Chairman of the Republican State Convention which elected a delegate to the Saint Louis Con- vention, which nominated William McKinley for President in 1896. Governor Thomas received the appointment of postmaster of Salt Lake City in 1898, during President McKinley's first ad- ministration, and was re-appointed by President Roosevelt in January, 1902.

He was married in the City of Washington, D. C, in 1873, to Helenna H. Reinbure. a native of Annapolis, Maryland. Five children have been born of this marriage, — Elbridge L. ; Arthur L., Junior, who enlisted for service in the Spanish- American War while still under age, and whose name heads the muster roll of volunteer soldiers from this State. He was discharged from ser- vice on account of incipient tuberculosis ; Evelyn L. is at home ; Alexander R. is a student in the High School and Captain of the High School Cadets ; Ellen is the wife of Colonel Samuel Cul- ver Park, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. At the time of her marriage Mrs. Park was one of the reigning belles of Salt Lake, and had the reputation of being one of the most beau- tiful women in this Western country.

It is safe to say that no man in this State stands higher in the confidence and esteem of the people than does Governor Thomas. He is a man of unsullied honor ; his public career has been above reproach and no stain has ever rested upon him either in public or private life. He is liberal, broad-minded and charitable towards all men, courteous, and behind his unassuming cpiiet manner hide all the graces of a true man.

In the business world Governor Thomas is the owner of one of the largest ranches in this West- ern country, situated in the Boise Valley, Idaho. He is a director of the Utah Savings and Trust Company ; Superintendent of the Maxfield Min- ing Company and President of the Cambrain As- sociation of Salt Lake City, L'tah, and of the inter-mountain country.

OX. JAMES A. MINER, Chief Justice (if the Supreme Court of the State of L'tah. In taking a retrospective view (jf the settlement and development of a new country and of the men who have been closely identified with its history, there are many important and vital points to be taken into consideration, and especially is this true of a State which has proved so eminently successful as has the great State of Utah, which has proved of such vast importance, not only to this inter- mountain region, but to the whole country at large ; its vast agricultural interests ; its gigantic commercial enterprises, and the millions of dol- lars which have been taken out of its mines and the untold millions yet hidden within the secret receptacle of its boundaries, all these conditions go to make up the history of this State. In all these undertakings and conditions it requires the co-operation of men, men of ability, integrity and experience to develop and bring forth the best results. The history of the past has revealed and at the present people are ever reminded that wherever men are associated together in great business enterprises, in developing of vast re- sources, that differences of opinions will arise and questions will forever spring up which of necessity must be passed upon and finally settled by disinterested parties. The forefathers and founders of this great nation foresaw these con- ditions and wisely provided a plan whereby ques- tions and differences of opinion could be settled by the judicial system. One of the most impor- tant branches of the Government of the United States is its Supreme Court. This also holds true in the government of any State. The Su- preme Court and the men who preside over it ranks among the highest in its civic life. The Chief Justice of a Supreme Court of a State must of necessity be a man of ability, integrity and wide experience, thoroughly understanding hu- man nature ; and the great questions of law which he is called to pass upon and finallv decide ac- cording to the laws of this country. No person who has become acquainted and closely w^atched the proceedings and doings of Chief Justice Miner, both in public and private life, will for

26

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

a moment question his ability, integrity, sound judgment and wide experience.

Judge Miner has not risen to the high position which he holds in the State of Utah by mere chance, but it has taken years of toil, indomitable energy, and perseverance to fit him for his high calling. All of his decisions since serving as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of this State, thoroughly evince the fact that each case and every phase and condition of the case has been carefully weighed and measured before he has finally rendered his decision, and thoroughly demonstrate that a master mind has had them in charge, and today Judge Miner enjoys the highest esteem, respect and honor of almost the universal population of the entire State of Utah, and it is safe to say that no man has ever occu- pied a similar position in this or in any other State who has lent greater dignity and whose ability and straightforwardness has tendered to bring the Supreme Court of this State to the high position which it occupies today. Judge Miner is a man who, by his very make-up was destined to make a successful career ; the very elements of success are stamped in his whole likeness, and he would have made a success of almost any avocation or profession to which he chose to turn his attention. Judge Miner is a man of dignity and his calling has of necessity made him somewhat stern, yet he is genial, kind and considerate of all the interests of mankind. These conditions have all tended to bring to Judge Miner the successful career which he has ac- quired, not only in this , State, but wherever he has resided. Born in Marshall, Michigan, in 1842, his early life was spent on his father's farm and his education was derived from the common schools and Lyon's Institute, working in the summer months on the farm and attending schools in the winter. He later secured employ- ment as a school teacher, which he followed for several winters, in order to obtain sufficient money to complete his education. From boyhood he had determined to be a lawyer and at an early age he made a study of law with General Noyes, of the firm of Noyes and Fitzgerald, prominent lawyers of Michigan. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, he took a prominent part

in raising the Ninth ^^lichigan Infantry and en- tered the service, remaining in the army until the death of his father, which occurred in 1864, at which time he returned to Marshall, Michigan, completed his study of law and^ was soon ad- mitted to the bar of that State. During the early days of his career as a lawyer he held the office of City Recorder and Circuit Court Commis- sioner, and was also Prosecuting Attorney from 1876 to 1889, of Calhoun County. He was ac- tively engaged in the practice of law throughout that time in Marshall and Southern Michigan, participating in most of the important cases brought before the courts of that region for trial, earning for himself an enviable reputation as a lawyer in that State.

He was married in 1870 to Hattie E. Alincr of New York. They have one daughter living, — Mabel, now Mrs. McClure of Salt Lake City.

Judge Miner is a self-made man, attaining his success by the exercise of unflinching application and constant industry. He has made for him- self a reputation for charity, broad-mindedness and liberality which has won for him the respect of all classes of people in the community where he has resided. In 1889 he left his native State, removing to Utah, and was soon after appointed by President Harrison Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory, being assigned to the first judicial district at Ogden, which city he continued to make his residence until 1894, when he removed to Salt Lake City. Upon coming here he formed a partnership with Judge Ogden Hiles, which continued one year, under the firm name of Miner and Hiles.

In politics Judge Miner has always been a staunch Republican and a firm believer in the principles of that party, and especially in the defense of American labor and its protection of home industries. His career on the bench has been a continuation of the success which he made as a lawyer, and the ability he has demon- strated has placed him in the front ranks of the jurists who have been called to preside over the Supreme Court of this State. In private as well as public life he has ever evinced his purity and uprightness. He is a man of great energy and perseverance. Outside of his profession Judge

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Miner has done a great deal to develop and bring to prominence not only Salt Lake City, but the entire State as well. His fine residence is lo- cated on East Brigham street, which is consid- ered one of the most desirable residence streets in Salt Lake City.

OX. THOMAS KEARNS. The most prominent man in Utah today, in min- ing, finance and politics, is undoubted- ly the present junior United States Senator. Behind his successful leap from poverty to wealth and from the obscurity of a worker to the position of leader of the domi- nant political party in Utah, can readily be seen that lever of success — constant hard work, grind- ing application and unflagging industry, and coupled with his ability and his career in mining and in politics, is his great popularity. Perhaps no man of today enjoys a warmer friendship of so many people than does Mr. Kearns.

He was born on a farm near Woodstock, On- tario, in 1862. His people were Irish emigrants and his father had settled in Canada and sup- ported his family by farming. His son's early life was spent in working on his father's farm in Nebraska, where the familv had moved in the early seventies and in doing all the tasks belong- ing to farm life.

At the time of the gold discoveries of the West he believed that the opportunities were greater and the field in which to employ his ability prom- ised more results than did the contracted sphere of farm life. His first work in the West was in freighting provisions and supplies across the plains to the mountain camps which had already sprung into e.xistence in the Black Hills. This he followed until the building of the railroads suspended this method of transportation and did away with the business of freighting. The many friends whom he had made among the miners by his scrupulous honesty, his manly life, his gener- osity and his amiable and obliging disposition.

stood him in good stead and he soon secured em- ployment as a miner. His first work was in the Ontario mine at Park City, where he was one of the shift of men employed in taking out the ore. This employment he regarded only as a stepping stone to greater things and all his time at night was devoted to the study of geology, and during the day while at work he learned all he could of the practical working of mines. He labored in the Ontario mine eight hours every day and de- voted all his remaining hours of daylight to pros- pecting for himself, applying all his savings of his wao^es to that work. His first efforts were very unsuccessful failure following failure with monotonous regularity. On many of his pros- pecting tours in the mountains he was often with- out food for days, and for many months he labored sixteen hours a day ; eight in his shift in the Ontario mine and eight tapping the moun- tains in his search for wealth. This life con- sumed seven years ; a period marked by almost constant failure and persistent effort. The wheels of fortune at last began to turn and the prosperity that it brought carried in its train endless troubles ; litigations over the property, en- joinments by the court ; embarrassment in rais- ing the money for the purchase of the land on which the mine was located and all the vicissi- tudes to which miners are so liable. Had he been a man of less determination, less confident of his ability to win in the end, he would no doubt have given up the task. Under these discour- aging conditions the true character of the man who was afterwards to lead his party and repre- sent the State in the United States Senate, was made apparent ; the obstacles he encountered only strengthened his purpose, and the difficulties to be overcome lent him more vigor.

When the first shipment of ore from his mine returned to him in the shape of gold money his first thought was not to reward himself for his long and hard efforts, but were for his aged father and mother, then living in straightened circumstances on a small farm in Nebraska. He received twenty thousand dollars in payment for his first ore, and his first work with this money was to provide for his parents a home and a competence for life. This exhibition of unselfish-

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

ness is but in keeping with the man's life and was but the beginning of the good work he has done throughout Utah and the West.

His experience as a practical miner and of the conditions of the vvorkingman has aided him in doing much to raise their standard and to at least give them more comfort. When he became a mine owner he voluntarily raised the wages of all the workers, through a desire to benefit as large a number of people as possible, as well as through a desire to remember the people whose life he had shared in his early days. His work- ingmen hold him in high esteem and the people throughout the State respect and admire him for the career he has made; for the ability he has shown and for the clearness with which he has met and decided all questions in which the State has been a party. His mining interests in Utah are now very extensive and he is without doubt the most prominent mining man in all the West- ern country. He is owner of the "Mayflower," the first mine that he located and developed, and is also part owner of the "Silver King" mine, the largest mine in Utah, and perhaps the most successful one in the United States.

He believes thoroughly in the future prosper- ity and greatness of Utah and Salt Lake City. He has not confined his attention to mining, but with a broadness of grasp has seen the great good that will redound to Utah from a direct connection with the Pacific Coast. He is a di- rector of the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad, being associated with Senator Clark of Montana and Hon. R. C. Kerens of St. Louis in the work of joining Salt Lake City and Southern California.

In politics Mr. Kearns has always been a Re- publican and prior to his election to the United States Senate, January, 1901, had been promi- nently identified with the work of the party. His election was at first looked upon by some as doubtful, but the support he received and the stampede that followed clearly demonstrated his popularity with all classes throughout the State, and his selection by the legislature has proven satisfactory to Utah. While his Senatorial career is yet in its infancy he has already demonstrated that Utah will profit largely by his experience

and by his work, both in the upbuilding of the State and of its capital city, and by the influence which Senator Kearns has upon federal legisla- tion. Like a number of prominent men who have become wealthy through the development of the resources of Utah, the Senator believes in disbursing his wealth in the State from which it was derived. His handsome home now com- pleted on Brigham street is one of the most pal- atial residences in the West and promises to add as much to the attractiveness of Salt Lake City as it does to the comfort of the Senator. Sen- ator Kearns is married (his wife was Miss Jen- nie Judge, a native of New York State) and has three children, two sons and one daughter, Ed- mund J., Thomas F. and Helen M. His wife has been his constant, faithful companion, in both hiS' adversity and prosperity. She is especial- ly noted throughout Utah for her charity and unselfishness. The City of Salt Lake owes much to her and by the orphans of the miners she is looked upon as their patron saint. Through her efforts and munificence alone was erected the magnificent orphanage to be the refuge of the children of miners. With almost the first wealth from her husband's wonderful mines which she could devote to her own personal uses she signed a check for fifty thousand dollars and presented it to Bishop Scanlan of the Roman Catholic Church of Utah, for the immediate erection of the splendid new home for the orphaned little ones of the miners. This orphanage is one of the finest and most complete public buildings in the State. It is of modern construction ; hand- somely finished, lighted and heated and ventil- ated after the most modern plans, and is equipped with broad recreation halls and airy play and study rooms. It shelters one hundred and sev- enty children at present. These are educated to fit all the avocations of life and as they grow older are given the choice of a profession or oc- cupation and then instructed in their choice so that when they start for themselves they are properly equipped and fully prepared to earn an honest living and be a success in the occupation which they have chosen. The establishment of this institution redounds greatly to the credit of Mrs. Kearns, inasmuch as it was founded by

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her efforts and with her money long before she thought of expending money in providing her- self with the luxuries that she could so well af- ford. The buildings were completed and dedi- cated in the spring of 1901. At that ceremony an audience composed of the most prominent citizens of Salt Lake joined with the orphans in praise of the beneficence of Mrs. Kearns. Mrs. Kearns is much loved and admired throughout all the West and holds a high place in the re- gard of all Utahans. She is a leader in all char- itable works and her genial and unassuming manners have endeared her to all classes throughout the State.

It is safe to say that the West has never been represented in the United States Senate by a stronger, more level-headed or influential man than Senator Kearns has proven himself to be. During the short period of his official life in the Senate of the United States he has by his influ- ence and untiring efforts caused Utah to be recognized and honored to a degree that sur- passes any new State in the Union. Appoint- ments have been secured for citizens of this State which many older and more prominent States might well be proud of. Few men in the Senate stands closer to President Roosevelt than does Senator Kearns, and it is probably owing to this fact that he has been able to wield so strong an influence for Utah. The splendid showing which he has already made may be taken as a forerunner of what will be accomplished for the good of the State during his term in the Senate ; and while it is true that he has gained the favor and good will of not only the President, but also of many of the most prominent men in the coun- try, he has at the same time lost no friends in his own State. Beyond a doubt he today stands as close to the hearts of the masses in Utah as does any other man in public life. In securing the raising of Fort Douglas to a regimental post and the appropriation of over seven hundred and forty thousand dollars for improvements, Sen- ator Kearns has rendered Salt Lake City a ser- vice which can only be measured and appre- ciated as the years go by.

In presenting this sketch the writer has not attempted to give a full biographical outline of

the life of Senator Kearns, as that would be im- possible in a work of this kind, but to present such facts as will enable the reader to have a better idea of the main points in his life; and it is believed that in the presentation it will prove an inspiration to not only the yoimg and rising generation, but to those who are more mature in years, fully demonstrating what may be ac- complished by the exercise of a level head and good business judgment, coupled with determin- ation, perseverance, and indomitable will power.

rOGE GEORGE W. BARTCH. As the wealth of a people increases and the de- \elopment of the resources of the State progresses, able men are demanded to adjudicate controversies and to intelli- gently and impartially construe the laws. These conditions have arisen in Utah, and among the men selected to comprise the Supreme Court of the State, few have met the demand as well and none better than had the Honorable George \V. Bartch.

Born on his father's farm in Sullivan County, Pennsylvania, the son of the Reverend John G. Bartch, an Evangelical clergyman, and of Mary Madgeline (Stiner) Bartch, he was left an or- phan at an early age, his mother dying while he was yet an infant and his father when he was but eight years of age.

The Bartch family were among the early set- tlers of Pennsylvania and were of English-Ger- man extraction. The Reverend John G. Bartch, the father of the subject of this sketch, was well and favorably known throughout Pennsylvania as an ardent preacher and a consistent Christian. Owing to the death of both his parents so early in his life, their son has found great difficulty in learning much of their early history.

Almost from the time he learned to work, our subject followed his father around the farm and was his constant companion until the latter's death. Young as he was, this intercourse had a marked influence upon the boy's mind, and the principles inculcated during that time and later from a study of his father's life, were undoubt- edly the foundation upon which he has built a

30

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

reputation for unimpeachable integrity and a successful career.

Upon the death of his father, he lived with an older brother on a farm in Sullivan County, and there spent his boyhood days. His early educa- tion was received in the common schools of Sul- livan County, which he attended in the winter, spending the summer in work on the farm. He later entered the State Normal School at Blooms- burg, Pennsylvania, graduating from that insti- tution in the spring of 1871 with the degree of Master of Science. Finding that the contracted sphere of farm life did not afford him sufficient opportunity for the exercise of his ability, he started out in life at the age of sixteen. His first work was as a school teacher in the county schools, which he continued to follow for two years. The ability he displayed in this capacity won for him the position of Superintendent of the city schools of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, which he retained for ten years. In addition to his duties as principal, he taught Latin and Greek until a professor was furnished for those branches. Besides his study of languages, he also devoted considerable time and attention to the study of philosophy and mental science. Un- der his direction the schools of Senandoah made great strides in progress and so satisfactory had his work been that it was with some difficulty that the Board consented to accept his resigna- tion. The reputation which he had built up as an educator during this tenure of office made him well and favorably known to all the leading colleges and educators of Pennsylvania, and he still enjoys many warm friendships he made in those days in that State.

During the entire time he was engaged in di- recting the school work and even before, his mind had been set on following the law as a profession and as his lifework. All the time he could spare from his duties were given to this study, and when he resigned his position it was with the view of entering upon the prac- tice of his chosen profession. Judge Bartch was admitted to the Bar of Pennsylvania and prac- ticed in his native State until 1886, residing there during the Molly Maguire troubles and living in the very thick of that disturbance.

In the fall of 1886, this future Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah removed to Colorado and located at Cannon City, where he soon built up a good practice and was joined by his family. Here he continued to reside for two years and in the spring of 1888 moved to Utah and settled in Salt Lake City. Here his ability and knowl- edge soon won for him a prominent place at the bar, as well as a lucrative practice. His en- tire time since his arrival in Salt Lake City, with the exception of the terms he served on the Bench, has been devoted to his professional labors.

In President Harrison's term of office he was appointed Probate Judge of Salt Lake County. He was later appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah by President Harrison, being associated with Judge Blackburn, who was then a member of that court. This position he continued to fill with his usual ability and effi- cieny until Utah was admitted to the Union in 1896. When the elections to fill the offices of the new State were held. Judge Bartch was elected Justice of the Supreme Court for a term of five years, the last two years of which he was Chief Justice, and in the election of 1900 was re-elected on the Republican ticket to that posi- tion by a large majority.

His work on the Bench has stamped him as one of the ablest judges who have served Utah, and among the men who have been chosen to fill that responsible position, few have given the general satisfaction that Judge Bartch has given to the people of the State. Just as in other walks of life, his success has been built upon constant hard work, close study, and the power to think and to grasp the salient points of a con- troversy. In all the cases he has decided, his decisions have been reached only after a careful and painstaking review of all the facts. It is his policy never to take anything for granted, but to make himself personally familiar with all the details of the case in hand.

Judge Bartch was married in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1871 to Miss Amanda A. Guild, daughter of Aaron D. and Sarah A. Guild, and has three children, Minnie Alice, Rae and Olive Amanda. Judge Bartch's wife comes from one

o^^^

BIOGRAPHICAi: RECORD.

31

of the old Pennsylvania families and were among the first settlers of that State. His father-in-law was a farmer of means and prosperous business.

For the past thirty years Judge and Mrs. Bartch have been members of the Presbyterian Church and have always aided in its work and taken prominent parts in its development in Utah.

In political affairs, the Judge has ever been a staunch Republican and has consistently fol- lowed the fortunes of that party throughout his career. During the lifetime of the late President McKinley, he enjoyed the warm personal friend- ship of that distinguished statesman.

From an unpropitious beginning, Judge Bartck has erected a career that stands high, not only in Utah, but in the United States. His success- ful career as a lawyer and as a judge mark him as one of the most successful men of the West. Thrown on his own resources at an early age by the death of his parents, he has, by the dint of continuous hard work and application, erected a career that may well be a source of pride to his posterity in the years to come. A command- ing presence, coupled with a judicial cast of mind, a genial and pleasant manner and a warm heart has won for him a host of good friends throughout Utah and made him one of the most popular men in the State.

RAXKLIX S. RICHARDS is a name that must ever point out one of the brightest stars that has yet dawned upon the horizon of the legal world of the West. Perhaps no profession af- fords a wider field for individual attainment than does the law, and this fact has attracted to it multitudes of young men from every clime since it became reduced to a recognized science and in- creasing civilization demanded a finer discrimina- tion between justice and injustice. The man who rises above the mediocre in his profession must possess not only a thorough knowledge of the law ; he must have a logical and resourceful mind, be a reader of human nature, and have a peculiar fitness not alone to so plead at the bar and so sway the minds of the jury as to procure for his client the desired verdict : he must pos-

sess that indefinable something called eloquence ; that power over the minds and hearts of those with whom he is associated that shall make them bend to his will as the mighty tree bends be- fore the gale that sweeps over prairie and plain ; that winning personality that invests every other being with a part of itself, and makes his mind and his will theirs. Such a man will rise to the highest mountain peaks of fame and leadership, be his environment what it may. Such a mind and such a personality can no more be kept in obscurity than can the first bright, beautiful rays of the morning sun ; and as those rays grow more bright and beautiful as the orb ascends the heavens, so will the career of such a man shed increasing light and increasing beneficence upon the world about him, penetrating ever farther and farther, and bringing blessings and joy to man- kind generations after the man himself shall have passed from earth's scenes. Such a man as we have described is to be found in the person of Franklin S. Richards, whose name heads this arti- cle.

Mr. Richards was born in Salt Lake City, June 20, 1849, two years after the first pioneer set his foot in Salt Lake Valley and here began the erection of his home, seeking nothing better than that he be allowed to worship according to the dictates of his own conscience. Among those worthy people were President Franklin D. and Jane (Snyder) Richards, parents of our subject, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. 1 ne mother had come childless into this then un- inviting wilderness, carrying with her the bitter memory of two little graves where she had laid her loved children after the exodus of the Mor- mons from Nauvoo, and when our subject was born, not only his frail life, but that of the mother, hung in the balance for many days. The long and wearisome journey across the plains, the hardships endured not only on that journey and later, but at the time of the exodus ; the breaking of the mother heart as she saw her little ones pass out into that bourne whence none ever re- turn, all tended to break down her health and sap her vitality, and the house in which the babe was born was a crude structure consisting of one barren adobe room, the roof thatched with

32

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

rushes and covered over with earth ; but rude as it was, it was better than the shelter that most of those early pioneers had secured, as building a place of shelter became almost a second con- sideration in the face of the failure of the first crops and the fast diminishing supply of food. As a result of a terrific storm which swept the valley Mrs. Richards went through a severe sick- ness, in which her life was for a time despaired of, but her fine constitution carried her safely back to health and she was spared to her family for many years. Inheriting from both parents intellectuality, perseverence and the power of con- centration, he early gave evidence of possessing a mind of an unusual order, and he was given every advantage in the way of an education that the schools which then existed afforded, his par- ents taking special pains to instruct him person- ally. So apt a pupil did he prove that at the age of seventeen, upon the departure of his father to a mission to Europe, he was capable of taking entire charge of a large and select school which he taught for the following three years, thus assisting in the support of the family. During this time he continued his own studies under pri- vate tutors.

On December i8, 1868, when but nineteen years of age, Mr. Richards entered the marriage relation with Miss Emily S. Tanner, a daughter of Nathan and Rachel Tanner of this city. Sev- eral children have been born of this marriage, which has proved one of exceptional happiness, and Mrs. Richards is one of the notable women of Utah.

Early in the following year Apostle Franklin D. Richards was appointed to preside over the Weber Stake of Zion and it became necessary for him to remove to Ogden, which he did, our subject and his young wife, as a part of the fam- ily, going with him. Mr. Richards had a pas- sion for the study of medicine and was fitting himself to follow that profession, but the condi- tions which he found to e.xist in Ogden pro- foundly impressed him with the necessity for a good legal adviser and practitioner among the people of that district, and after much deep con- sideration and study of the case he abandoned his determination to study medicine and turned

his attention to the study of the law. The situa- tion demanded that he devote his whole energy to the perfecting of himself in this direction, as there was no resident lawyer in Ogden and but few established legal forms ; the railroad had ar- rived and the public lands were coming into the market. Mr. Richards was appointed clerk of the P'robate Court and subsequently elected County Recorder, and during this time spent much time and thought upon the difficult and important task of formulating methods and de- vising a way in which to keep the public records in a more systematic manner than they were then kept. The improvements he made in this direc- tion brought him the special commendation of President Brigham Young. He held the offices of Clerk and Recorder for nine years, at the end of which time he retired, declining re- election that was tendered him. He had con- tinued the study of law during these years, " — - ing special attention to the subject of constitu- tional law, and on the i6th of June, 1874, was ad- mitted to the bar of the Third District Cou'-* at Salt Lake City, and on the afternoon of the same day to the bar of the Supreme Court of the Territory, his name being presented by the veteran attorney, Frank Tilford. Mr. Richards' first case in court was that of a man charged with murder, and although the opposing coun- sel were able and eloquent attorneys, Mr. Rich- ards' handling of the case astonished even the most enthusiastic of his friends and won the discharge of his client. His signal success brought him into immediate recognition and prominence in legal circles, and the star that then began to ascend li^s since continued to grace the legal world with ever-increasing lustre. In the spring of 1877 he was called in com- pany with Apostle Joseph F. Smith to go to Eu- rope on a mission for the Mormon Church. They arrived in Liverpool on the 27th of May and the English climate being at that season too severe for his delicate health he availed himself of an opportunity to travel on the continent for a time, and during the period of recreation visited France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and other countries, and returned to London much re- freshed and benefited by the change. He re-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

33

mained in the work in London for a time and then went to the south coast, where his health again became affected by the humid atmosphere, and it was deemed advisable for him to return home, which he did in the fall of 1877, in com- pany with Apostles Orson Pratt and Joseph F. Smith.

Mr. Richards attained special prominence as an attorney for the Church during the adminis- tration of President John Taylor, successor to Brigham Young. His first work of note was in connection with the estate of Brigham Young. Air. Richards had as a law partner at that time Judge Rufus K. Williams, formerly Chief Justice of Kentucky, and was the senior member of the firm. This firm was dissolved in 1881, Mr. Rich- ards' arduous duties as church attorney and his study of the constitutional law absorbing all his spare time, and he preferring to follow this course rather than that of a general law practice. He was admitted in the spring of 1881 to prac- tice before the bar of the Supreme Court of Cali- fornia.

The following year he represented Weber County in the Constitutional Convention, in which he took a very active part, and was elected one of the delegates to present the Constitution to Congress, his associates being Hons. John T. Caine and D. H. Peerv. This was after the pass- ing of the Edmunds act, and Mr. Richards posi- tion as church attorney brought him into consid- erable prominence in Washington, where he made the acquaintance of the most noted men of that day. During this time Judge Jeremiah S. Black made a special trip to Washington in the inter- ests of the Mormon Church, and for the pur- pose of conferring with Mr. Richards regarding the condition of affairs in Utah, and it was dur- ing this and suosequent conferences and the study of the questions involved that the world was given Judge Black's great constitutional argu- ment upon "Federal Jurisdiction in the Terri- tories," delivered during the following winter before the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives. The frequent conferences be- tween our subject and Judge Black resulted in close friendship which was only severed by the death of the judge.

At a somewhat later period Air. Richards and his brother, Charles C, successfully defended their father in the noted mandamus proceedings brought against him as Probate Judge of Weber County, by James N. Kimball, and which case was brought to a satisfactory termination.

Mr. Richards' next trip to Washington was in the fall of 1882, when in company with Messrs. Caine, Peery and ex-Delegate Cannon, in the in- terests of statehood. During his sojourn in Washington he was admitted to practice before the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, upon motion of Judge Black, the date of his admission being January 30, 1883. Judge Black died the following August, deeply mourned, not only by his chosen friend, but also by the people whose cause he had so ably de- fended, and in October of that year Mr. Richards once more made a trip East, this time witn Hon. George Q. Cannon and Delegate Caine, for the purpose of engaging counsel to assist them in pleading the cause of the Mormon people. As a result of this visit Senator \'est of Missouri was retained. He again visited the Capuol with Moses Thatcher in the same cause in 1884, but was obliged to return home to take his seat in the legislature, having been elected to represent the counties of Weber and Box Elder, being elected President of the Council. He was also appointed as City Attorney for Salt Lake in that year and moved his residence from Ogden to this city, after an absence of fifteen years. He was re-elected to this office from term to term until 1890, when the municipal government changed hands. During the period commonly called the "Crusade," in which the violators of the Ed- munds act were vigorously prosecuted, Mr. Rich- ards gave his whole time to the defense of the church and the Mormon people, his most note- worthy cases being that of Rudger Clawson, the first man to be tried for poligamy before Judge Zane, and the case commonly referred to as Mur- phy vs. Ramsey, involving the rights of thou- sands of citizens disinfranchised by the rulings of the Utah Commission ; also the case of the L'nited States vs. Lorenzo Snow, in vvhich the questions of "constructive cohabitation" and "se- gregation" came up for adjudication; the vital

34

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

point in this case being whether or not a man accused of breaking the Edmunds law could legally be punished three times for one alleged offense. These cases were all carried to Wash- ington, where Mr. Richards^ was assisted in some of them by such eminent legal lights as Watne McVeigh, Senator Vest and George Ticknor Curtis, who appeared with him several times be- fore the Court of Last Resort. As a result of Mr. Richards' labors Apostle Snow was released on a writ of habeas corpus.

At that time nearly all the leaders of the Mor- mon Church were living in exile, as under the law then existing a man could be convicted of unlawful cohabitation and sentenced upon an in- definite number of counts. Mr. Richards had been earnestly and persistently laboring for a period of more than two years to have this law modified and was finally successful. It was one of the greatest victories ever won in the Supreme Court of the United States in favor of the Mor- mon people, and one in which the greatest grati- tude was shown Mr. Richards by the leaders of the church. The result of this decison was that nearly all of these men came forward and sub- mitted to the jurisdiction of the Court and in many cases pleaded guilty and went to the peni- tentiary, willing to suffer the penalty and pay their fines, knowing that the reign of terror which had existed among the Mormon people was broken and that they could only be tried and made to pay the penalty imposed by the law once for an offense. Under these happy conditions the people returned to their homes and once more resumed their accustomed labors, feeling secure that the justice of the law would protect them.

Mr. Richards also appeared in behalf of the church at the time of the confiscation of the church property under the Edmunds-Tucker act, having associated with him such eminent lawyers as Hon. James O. Broadhead and Senator Joseph E. McDonald, the opposing counsel being chosen from among the brightest legal lights of the United States. In fact, he represented nearly all the cases of note at that time. At the close of the crusade, when both Mormons and Gentiles agreed to bury the hatchet, wipe out old party lines and become Democrats and Republicans, in

the new era then opening upon Utah, no one was more active in bringing about the changed con- ditions that have since prevailed. He cast his lot with the Democratic party and has since been one of its most staunch defenders and supporters.

He was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1894, representing the Fourth Precinct of Salt Lake City, in which he resides. He took a prominent part in this convention and won laurels by his learned and logical address in behalf of woman suffrage, which after a spir- ited and protracted debate was incorporated into the State Constitution. His cherished dream — Statehood for Utah — being realized, Mr. Rich- ards retired to some extent from active politics and once more devoted himself to his profession. His son, Joseph T., had been associated with him for some years under the firm name of Rich- ards and Richards, and this partnership was dis- solved in the beginning of 1898, and Mr. Rich- ards formed another partnership with Hon. C. S. Varian. This firm has come to the front as one of the leading law firms of the city. They are frequently retained in big cases involving ques- tions of constitutional and mining law, as well as having a large general law practice, and some of the most important cases tried in the State since the formation of this partnership have been won by this firm. Mr. Richards also still retains the position of attorney for the church.

Mr. Richards is one of the most cultured of men ; studious, thoughtful, and to the stranger a trifle distant at first, but this apparent coldness comes more from a naturally reserved nature than from any desire to be formal, as he is to those who know him one of the most genial and kindly of men ; a great lover of home and family. When aroused he is most enthusiastic and has the power of infusing that enthusiasm into those he wishes to impress. He is full of energy and action, a hard worker, and whatever he has in hand he goes at it in a whole-souled manner, putting his best energies into the task until it is completed. While he is and has always been a strong and devoted follower of the Mormon Church, yet he is a man of very broad and liberal mind, charitable and allowing every man the privilege of living according to the dictates of

^^:^^o:;^;^

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

35

his own conscience, and no man of this day stands any higher in the esteem and confidence of the people, not only of the city and State, but throughout the whole Union wherever he is known, than does Franklin S. Richards, and he has won the lasting friendship of the people of this land whose friendship is most worth having, irrespective of religious dogma. While his great- est work has been in the interests of the Mormon Church, he is first, last and always the friend of the people and of the State, and stands ever ready to lend his aid to any enterprise or scheme for the uplifting of the one or the advancement of the other.

\TTHEW H. WALKER. So closely interwoven with the begin- ning and development of the pros- perity of Utah, and of the building up of Salt Lake City is the life of the Walker family, in L'tah, that any attempt to write a sketch of their lives must of necessity include a greater part of the history of the rise of Salt Lake City to its present important posi- tion. They were among the first pioneers to come to this Territory when it was a vast wilderness and formed a part of the great American desert. They participated largely in the work of settle- ment, and have aided greatly in transforming the desert into a prosperous and growing busi- ness community. No member of the family has taken a greater part in the industrial development of Salt Lake than has Matthew H. Walker, the subject of this sketch. He is President of the Walker Brothers Dry Goods Company, one of the largest and most successful establishments of that kind in Utah, and is also President of Walker Brothers Bank, one of the oldest and most solid financial institutions in the inter-moun- tain region. He was also President of the Union Insurance Agency, which has been consolidated with the Sherman, Wilson Insurance Company, and is one of the largest individual owners of real estate in Salt Lake City, in addition to which he holds large interests in mining properties and in other investments throughout the State. He was born in Yorkshire, near Leeds, Eng-

land, on January the i6th, 1845. When he was but an infant his family emigrated to America, and he crossed the Atlantic ocean a babe in arms. His father, Matthew, had been a prominent man in England, and was largely interested in com- mercial undertakings and in railroad projects. He died at the age of thirty-eight, soon after reach- ing Saint Louis, where the family had settled upon their arrival in America. His wife, and the mother of the subject of this sketch, Mercy (Long) Walker, was also a native of Yorkshire, England, and upon the death of her husband, she, with her four sons, left Saint Louis in 1852 and crossed the great American plains by ox teams to Utah. This journey was unusually hard and arduous, owing to the fact that they lost a large part of their cattle, and were forced to part with the remainder to the Indians, for ponies and equipment in order to enable them to continue their journey. The wagon train with which they started across the plains was left at Green River, Wyoming, and the Walker family journeyed from that point alone to the Salt Lake Valley, arriving here in September, 1852. Their journey across the plains occupied a period of four months. The oldest son was then but sixteen years of age, and Matthew, our subject, was but seven when he arrived in Salt Lake. He received his early education in the common schools of Salt Lake City, and in 1859, ^^ the age of thirteen, he with his three elder brothers, embarked in the mer- cantile business under the name of Walker Brothers. Prior to the establishment of their business, they had secure'd employment as clerks in stores in Camp Flood and in Salt Lake City. Their business was first located at a site north of where the building of the Walker Brothers Bank now stands. Later, they purchased the property on the east side of Main street, opposite and later acquired the property upon which the Walker Brothers Bank building now stands, at the northwest corner of Main and Second South streets. Their mercantile business at first occu- pied all of the front of the building, facing on Main street, and the banking business, which was then but a side issue, was carried on in the rear of the building. Their banking business grad- ually grew as the years passed, due to a great

36

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

extent to a custom of their customers leaving money with them for safe keeping. _ The increase in the banking business led them to establish the Union National Bank, which was a very success- ful venture, but it was later merged with the Walker Brothers Bank. They erected at the southwest corner of Main and Third South streets, in 1891, the new home of the Walker Brothers Dry Goods Company, a substantial three-story brick building, which is among the best buildings in the city, and compares credit- ably with establishments of cities much larger than Salt Lake. This store, in addition to dry goods, is in reality a department store in which everything pertaining to clothing or dry goods is kept for sale. This establishment alone gives employment to about one hundred and twenty- five people, and their other industries in the city swells the number of their employees to one hun- dred and fifty.

S. S. Walker was a member of the firm until his death in 1887. Joseph R., another brother, was also a member of the firm until his death in 1901. D. F. Walker, for years a member of the firm, is now living at San Mateo, California.

Our subject married in 1865 to Miss Eliza- beth Carson. She died in 1896, and his present wife was Mrs. Angelena Hague, a native of Lon- don, England, who came to Salt Lake City when but a young girl, and has spent her life in LTtah. Mr. Walker has one son, J. H. Walker, by his first wife, and who is now Assistant Cashier in the Walker Brothers Bank. By his second wife he has one daughter, four years old.

In political life Mr. Walker is a member of the Republican party but he has been so en- grossed in business afifairs that he has not had time to participate actively in this work. He is X member of the School Board of Salt Lake. In fraternal life he is a prominent member of the Masonic order.

Mr. Walker has acquired his. present high standing in financial and business circles through no lucky chance, but by constant, hard work, careful management and application to the work in hand. His unimpeachable integrity has won for him a high reputation in the business world, and he enjoys the confidence and esteem of all

with whom he has come in contact. He is a resi- dent of Salt Lake City and has a handsome home on South Main street.

L'DGE THOMAS MARSHALL. Few members of the Bar of Utah have ac- quired as high a reputation for in- tegrity, ability and learning in their [profession, as has Judge Thomas Mar- shal. There have been many lirilliant careers in the West, and many which have shone with the light of great ability and the suc- cessful development of prosperous industries, but among the ranks of the men whose life work has been crowned with success, there are none who hold a higher position than does the subject of this sketch.

Judge Thomas Marshall was born in Wash- ington, Mason County, Kentucky, August 25th, 1834. His is a son of Colonel Charles A. Mar- shall and Phoebe Paxton Marshall, one of the oldest and most prominent families in Kentucky, and they number among their ancestors some of the most prominent men that America has ever produced. Judge Marshall's father inherited a large property from his father, and in the afifairs of the State and the L^nion took an active part. He was twice commissioned under Garfield during the Civil War. He was a nephew of Chief Justice John Marshall, one of the most brilliant men who have ever sat upon the bench of the Supreme Court of the LTnited States. Thomas Marshall, his son, was prepared for college under the tuition of Doctor Lewis Marshall, at the latter's home, known as "Buck's Pond," in Woodford County, Kentucky. Dr. Marshall was the father of Thomas F. Marshall, the distinguished orator; A. K. Marshall, who succeeded Clay in the Ashland district ; Edward C. Marshall, member of Congress and Attorney General of California ; Judge William Marshall, brother-in-law of General Robert E. Lee and member of Congress from Maryland. After four years study under Dr. Marshall, Thomas was sent to Kenyon College, Gambler, Ohio, where he completed his studies. He also took a course of law and studied under Judge Thomas A. Mar-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

37

shall, then occupying a position on the Supreme Bench of Kentuck}'. Upon the completion of his studies Thomas Marshall went to St. Louis and there established himself in the practice of law, being admitted to the Bar of that State at the age of twenty-one. Here he formed a partner- ship under the name of Williams, Barrett & ^Marshall. Here he remained until the spring of 1866, when he came to Salt Lake City, and has since made Utah his residence. Shortly after his arrival here he became attorney for the Holli- day Overland Mail and Express Company. His ability was soon recognized by other corporations and in 1869 he became the attorney for the Cen- tral Pacific Railroad Company, and has been since that time attorney for the Southern Pacific Com- pany and the Southern Pacific Railroad Com- pany. He has also been President of the Cen- tral Pacific Railroad Company and is now a di- rector and served as an officer of the Territorial Government in 1888, as a member of the Terri- torial Council. He was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1872. His ability and industry have brought him great success in his chosen profession and the enjoy- ment of a lucrative practice.

Judge Marshall married November 27th. 1855, the daughter of the Honorable James M. Hughes, ex-member of Congress for the State of Mis- souri at large. He was also President of the State Bank 'of Missouri. He died in 1861 at Jef- ferson City while a candidate for the L^nited States Senate. He has one daughter, the wife of D. R. Gray, who is the agent of the Harriman railroads in Salt Lake City. Judge Marshall has been a member of the Masons in Utah for over forty years, being a Chapter Mason. He joined the Masons in early life and has always been an active worker in its development in the West. Judge Marshall has achieved for himself a high position, not only in the ranks of the legal profession of Utah, but in all walks of Hfe. His work as a lawyer has stamped him as a worthy descendant of the greatest Chief Justice, and perhaps the greatest lawyer that the United States has ever produced. He is well known throughout Utah and the West and enjoys the warm friendship of a l^rge circle of friends.

roSTLE JOHN HENRY SMITH. i'lie development of LUah from a wild and apparently barren land to a pros- ]i<.rous and growing State of the Union within the short space of half a century is one of the most remarkable chapters in the growth of the United States. The diffi- culties which confronted the pioneers, the priva- tions and hardships they were forced to endure, and their conflicts with both wild and civilized man makes their triumph all the more marked. One of the more prominent of these pioneers and who has spent his entire life in the interests of the State and the church to which it owes its beginnings, is John Henry Smith. He has been foremost in the work of making Utah a prosper- ous and self-sustaining community and to his ef- forts much of its present reputation is due. Pass- ing safely through the ordeal of the early settle- ment of the frontier, he has now reached a posi- tion which marks him as one of the leaders of the State, and his prominence in the affairs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints has been the result of his ability and zeal.

John Henry Smith was born at Carbunca, Iowa, September 18, 1848. He is the son of the late President Smith and Sarah Ann (Libbay) Smith. His parents had been driven from Illinois and Missouri with the rest of the members of the church and it was while they were at Car- bunca, now Council Bluflfs, that their son was born. His father, the late President George A. Smith, had accompanied President Brigham Young and the first company of pioneers to the Great Salt Lake \'alley the year before, and with some of them had also returned to the Missouri river. Upon his arrival there he proceeded to make preparations for the removal of his family to the new headciuarters of the church, but it was not until the summer of 1849 'hat the family began their journey westward from the Missouri river; and John Henry was just past one year of age when the family arrived in Salt Lake City. Here, on June 12, 1851, his mother died of con- sumption, and after her death, he was placed un- der the care of his mother's sister, Hannah Maria, who was also one of his father's wives, and to her he owed much of his future growth and education.

38

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

Owing to the frequent and prolonged absences of his father from home, the lad was almost ex- clusively under the tuition of his aunt. His father's family became widely separated soon after their arrival in Utah, some residing in Salt Lake City and others in Parowan, while his wives Lucy and Hannah were, during the sum- mer of 1852, removed to Provo, in which town the lad spent his early life.

The days of his boyhood passed in a similar manner to that of other sons of the pioneers, and one of his first occupations was in herding cattle on the Provo bench and along the "bottoms" on the shores of Utah Lake. He was a large and powerful boy, and was always considered a gen- ial, good-natured companion by his friends. For several years after the first settlement of Provo the Indians were exceedingly troublesome, and though but a boy, John Henry participated in many adventures, at one time being shot at, but fortunately escaping without injury. When he was fourteen years of age he had a narrow es- cape from drowning in the Provo River during the high-water season, and remained so long a time below the water, that his life was despaired but his remarkable vitality stood him in good stead, and when he finally came to the surface was soon resuscitated.

As he advanced in years, he removed to Salt Lake City and attended the schools that were then in existence. The educational conditions in Utah then were necessarily crude and imper- fect and his education was received more from his experiences in life and from the teachings of his foster-mother than from books.

At the age of eighteen he married his first wife. Miss Sarah Farr, daughter of the Honor- able Loren Farr, of Ogden and she has ever been a true and devoted helpmeet to her husband. Ten years later he married Miss Josephine Groesbeck, daughter of Nicholas Groesbeck, an Elder in the Church.

Upon his marriage to Miss Farr, the young couple removed to Provo, where John Henry Smith was employed as a telegrapher. While residing there he was chosen as a counsellor to Bishop W. A. Follett, of the Fourth Ward of that town. When the transcontinental railway

was nearing completion he left Provo and en- tered the service of Bensin, Farr & West, and assisted them in completing two hundred miles of line of the Central Pacific Railroad, which they had contracted to build. Upon the com- pletion of this work. Governor Leland Stanford, of California, offered the young man a good position in Sacramento, but as his father desired him to return to Salt Lake City, he declined the offer.

He was his father's frequent companion on his travels throughout the Territory, and from these journeys he derived much of his acquaint- ance with the prominent men of the community. This privilege also afiforded him an opportunity to acquire an education which could not be ob- tained from books, and how eagerly he grasped it is shown in the fulness of his character and life.

At the session of the Territorial Legislature of 1872, John Henry Smith was appointed assis- tant clerk of the House of Representatives, and from this time dated the beginning of his career in civil matters. In the same year he was chosen assistant clerk of the constitutional con- vention.

In May, 1874, he was called to go on a mis- sion to Europe by President Brigham Young. He left Utah on June 29 of that year and ar- rived in New York on July 4, and before sailing paid a short visit to his mother's brothers, then residents of New Hampshire. He arrived in Liverpool, England, on July 26 and reported to his cousin, Joseph F. Smith, then president of the European mission. By him he was assigned to the duty of a travelling Elder in the Birming- ham Conference, under the direction of Elder Richard V. Morris. While engaged on this work, he visited most of the conferences of Great Britain, and also accompanied President Joseph F. Smith, Elder F. M. Lyman and other high officers of the mission to Denmark, Germany, Switzerland and France. After the lapse of a year he was called to Utah by the sickness of his father, and reached Salt Lake City in time to spend fifteen days at his father's bedside previous to his death on September i, 1875.

He again took up the active work of the

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

39

Church in Utah, and on November 22, 1875, was appointed Bishop of the Seventeenth Ward for Salt Lake City, which position he filled with efficiency and zeal for five years. During this period he was also employed by the LUah Cen- tral Railway Company.

At the general conference of the Church in October, 1880, the First Presidency of the Church was reorganized and Elders Francis M. Lyman and John Henry Smith were called to fill vacancies in the quorum of the Twelve Apos- tles, being ordained on the 27th day of that r'-'onth.

In the first months of 1882, when the Ed- munds-Tucker anti-polygamy bill was before Congress, Apostles John Henry Smith and Mo- ses Thatcher were sent to Washington to as- sist George Q. Cannon, the delegate from Utah, in preventing the passage of this act, but their labors were unsuccessful. Upon three subse- quent occasions. Apostle Smith has visited Washington in the interest of the people of Utah. In 1892 he went to the capital to aid in securing the admission of Utah as a State, and in the early part of 1900 he again visited that city in the endeavor to modify the sentiments of the leading men of the country and their attitude in regard to the members of the Church.

He was again called to go on a mission to England by President John Taylor, this time. October, 1882, to act as president of the Euro- pean mission. While there he visited the var- ious conferences in England and travelled exten- sively in France and Italy, being absent from home a period of twenty-nine months. Upon his return he found the whole State in a turmoil, due to the arrests and prosecutions then being made under authority of the Edmunds-Tucker act. He was arrested upon the prevailing charge — unlawful cohabitation — but was dis- charged on account of the lack of evidence.

In addition to his duties in the work of de- veloping the Church, Apostle Smith has taken an active part in the political affairs of the State. In February, 1876, he was a member of the Salt Lake City Council and served for six years as a Councilman. In August, 1881, he was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature.

Upon the division of the People's party and the Liberals upon national political lines, he was one of the first to advocate the principles of the Republican party and has ever since been an active worker in that party. He was president of the convention that formed the constitution under which Utah was admitted into the Union as a State.

Since his call to the Apostleship, Elder Smith has devoted practically all of his time to public duties. Except when absent from the country on missions, he has travelled almost constantly among the stakes of the Church, attending con- ferences, instructing and encouraging the mem- bers, organizing and setting in orders the stakes and wards. He has visited every stake of the Church in Utah, many of them several times, including those in Old Mexico and dififerent States and Territories of the United States and Canada. He also made a tour of the Southern States Mission in 1899, doing considerable preaching both there and on his way.'

He has been a delegate to several of the ses- sions of the Trans-Mississippi and Irrigation Congress, and upon the adjournment of the last one held in Houston, Texas, April, 1900, he in company with President George Q. Cannon and others, made an extensive trip through Mexico.

In 1901, at the session of the Trans-Missis- sippi Commercial Congress held at Cripple Creek, Colorado, Mr. Smith was elected Presi- dent of the Congress and presided over its de- liberations.

So closely had his time been devoted to pub- lic affairs and to the affairs of the Church, that he has not had time to devote to any extensive personal business enterprises. He is, however, connected with a number of the leading institu- tions of the State, as an officer and director, in which positions he has exhibited the same ability and enterprise that has marked his whole life.

By nature and training he is admirably equip- ped for public duties. He has a thorough know- ledge of human nature and an extensive ac- quaintance with prominent men not only in Utah but in the whole country as well. These quali- fications, together with his faculty for making and holding friends, has fitted him admirably

4o

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

40

for the positions and labors that have fallen to him to perform.

His easy, natural and unassuming manner are the outward signs of his straightforward char- acter, and bespeak the possession of courage of the highest type. These qualities have im- pressed all with whom he has come in contact with his sincerity, no matter how opposed they may have been to his views. His happy disposition has always enabled him to take the most cheer- ful view of conditions, no matter how discourag- ing their aspect. He is quick to discern and ap- preciate the good qualities of others, is ever thoughtful of their welfare, and is broad minded in his views. He possesses the same good quali- ties of heart as of mind, and is liberal almost to a fault.

By his continuous upright course in life he has established a reputation for integrity and honesty, and has gained the confidence and es- teem of all the people of the State.

As a public speaker, Apostle Smith is con- vincing, forceful and eloquent, with the elo- quence that comes from sincere earnestness. In his private conversation he exhibits the same force and is always an interesting and entertain- ing talker. Perhaps the greatest secret of his career and which has aided him so much in his successful life is his great magnetism, the magnet- ism of pure love for humanity. His career and life have been such as to make it a treasured mem- ory to his posterity and to the Church of his choice. When the history of the rise and de- velopment of Utah shall be written, his name will stand high in the ranks of the men who have accomplished great deeds and who have built up a commonwealth from a desert.

PRENZO Sx\OW. So closely inter- woven with the growth and progress Mt the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is the life of its fifth President, who has just died at the ripe old age of eighty-seven, that a sketch of his life is necessarily a his- tory of the Church. Few men, and especially leaders in great movements or in great organiza-

tions, have displayed so much wisdom, integrity and honesty of purpose as did this great leader of this modern religion. Throughout a long life of activity, controlling great interests and guiding them to prosperity, developing the work of the Church of his choice, and with it the State wherein its headquarters were located, he left behind him, not a fortune in worldly goods but a reputation for honesty, singlemindedness and integrity that will make his name live in the annals of American history and one that may well be a legacy of pride to his posterity and to his Church.

Lorenzo Snow was born in Alantua, Portage county, Ohio, April 3, 1814. He was the eldest son of Oliver Snow and Rosetta L. Pettibone Snow. His father was a native of Massachusetts and his mother was born in Connecticut In Ohio, the Snow family were well to do, the father being a prosperous farmer, and it was on this farm that Lorenzo was reared. Here he had his first lessons in responsibility, while yet a boy. Owing to the frequent and continued absences of his father from the farm, the direction of the work and the care of the property fell upon his shoulders, and from this beginning was devel- oped the talent for management and organization which brought him success in later years. In- heriting a love of knowledge, deep patriotism and a sincere belief in the existence of a Supreme Being from his parents, his environment was such that his desire for knowledge, his love of the right and justice, and his patriotism for his country were deepened and widened as he grew to manhood's estate. Like so many of the young men, born and reared in what was then the out- posts of civilization, his ambition was to follow the military profession, and he later held a com- mission as ensign, from the Governor of Ohio, in the militia of that State, and his aptitude was such that he was afterwards promoted to the grade of lieutenant.

His early education was derived from the schools that then existed in Ohio, and at tlie age of twenty-one he secured admission to Oberlin College, at that time an institution dominated by the Presbyterian belief. This privilege he secured through the efforts of an intimate friend

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

41

who was connected with the college. Although he had been reared in the Baptist faith, to which his parents belonged, he had not espoused any religion at the age of twenty-two, nor had the teachings of the Presbyterian church convinced his mind while he remained at the college.

In June, 1836, one year after his entrance to college, he made a visit to his sister, Eliza R. Snow, the poetess, at Kirtland, Ohio, who had recently been converted to the faith of the Latter Day Saints. This town was then the headquarters of the Church, and while there he entered the Hebrew school established by the Prophet Joseph Smith. While in that institution he became con- verted to the faith of the Church, and was bap- tized and admitted to its membership by Elder John F. Bovnton, then one of the Twelve Apos- tles.

Early in 1837, just a year after his entrance into the faith, he was promoted to be an Elder in the Church, and took the field in Ohio, and preached among his relatives and friends until his removal to Missouri in the following year, to which State the members of the Church were then migrating. Here he was accompanied by his parents, who had also embraced the faith of their son. Soon after his arrival in Missouri, he left on a mission to Kentucky, and was absent in that field when the members of the Church were forced to leave Missouri and settle in Illi- nois. He completed his work in Kentucky and joined the colony at Nauvoo on the first day of May, 1840.

From the time of his entrance into the Church, his ability and zeal were of such an order that he was assigned important and responsible tasks. Upon joining the colony at Nauvoo, he was desig- nated for missionary work in Europe and left in the month of May, 1840, for England. Shortly after his arrival in that country, he was made President of the London Conference, and while holding that position presented two copies of the Book of Mormon, handsomely bound and speci- ally prepared for that purpose, to Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort. This he was enabled to do through the courtesy of Sir Henry Wheatley. He completed the work of this mission in 1843 and returned to the United States at the head

of a large company of emigrants, whom he con- ducted safely to the headquarters at Xauvoo.

A short time after his return to the United States, the Prophet Joseph Smith taught him the principle of celestial marriage, or marriage for a time and eternity, including plurality of wives. In accordance with this principle, the Prophet had married Eliza Snow, sister of our subject, and our subject wedded two wives simultan- eously and subsequently increased the number to four. While at Nauvoo he was a school teacher and a captain in the militia, the organization being known as the Nauvoo Legion. Later he was ap- pointed a member of the committee of the Church to explore California and Oregon with a view to locating a home for the organization beyond the Rocky Mountains. Owing to the unsettled conditions then prevailing in Illinois, and which terminated in the killing of the Prophet, this ex- pedition never left that State. In addition to his duties in the Church. Lorenzo Snow took an active part in the presidential campaign of 1844, in which year Prophet Joseph Smith was a can- didate for that office. The future President of the Church left Nauvoo in the emigration which took place in 1846, and in the move from the ^Missouri river to Salt Lake in 1848, was a cap- tain in charge of one hundred wagons in the band of pioneers led by President Brigham Young.

He was ordained an Apostle of the Church on February 12, 1849, by the First Presidency of the Church, then comprising Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards, who were assisted in this service by Apostles Parley P. Pratt and John Taylor. In October, of the same year, he was again designated for mission- ary service in Europe, being charged with the establishment of a mission in Italy. He was one of the first missionaries sent from the new home of the Church in Utah and made his way across the plains, then inhabited by hostile Indians, to New York, and reached Italy via England. The mission was successfully started in Italy, its es- tablishment being made on a snow-covered moun- tain, by Apostle Snow and three Elders of the Church, on November 25. 1850. This mountain overlooked the Valley of Piedmont, and the first converts were made among the Waldenses. The

42

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

missionar\- work met with great success and was extended into Switzerland and into the neijjhbor- ing countries with satisfactory resuhs. While sojourning in Italy, Apostle Snow had the Book of Mormon translated and published in Italian, together with several pamphlets he had written on the work of the Church, and these were widely disseminated throughout Europe. In addition to his missionary labors, he found time to write valuable descriptive letters of Italy and the work of the missionaries for the information of the Church in Utah. Besides establishing success- fully the mission work of the Church in Italy and Switzerland, he sent Elders to Calcutta and Bombay to found a mission in India and also arranged for a missionary to work on the Island of Malta. After these arrangements were com- pleted, he started for India, but owing to an ac- cident to the ship in which he sailed, only reached Malta. Owing to the lapse of time and to the fact that he was under orders to return to Utah to participate in the laying of the corner stones of the Salt Lake Temple, he was forced to abandon his voyage, and returned to Utah by way of Gibraltar, Portsmouth, London, Liver- pool, New York and St. Louis, arriving in Salt Lake City in July, 1852.

L^pon his return to LTtah he at once took up the work of building up the State and founded Brigham City, in what is now Box Elder county. Here a small settlement had already been formed but, owing to the want of a master hand to guide it, was in an unprosperous and languishing con- dition. To this place Apostle Snow came, with a company of fifty families, in the fall of 1853, and was elected President of the Box Elder Stake, which office he held until August, 1877, to take up the office of the First Presidency of the Church. His eldest son. Oliver G. Snow, succeeded him as President of the Box Elder Stake. While a resident of Salt Lake City, Apostle Snow was elected to the Legislature of the Territory in 1852, and upon his removal to Box Elder, represented that county and the county of Weber, in the Legislature. His whole term of service in the Legislature covered a period of thirty years, during twelve of which he was the presiding officer of that body.-

He continued to reside in the State of Utah, devoting his time and attention to the work of his Church and to the upbuilding of the indus- tries of the State until 1864, when he was sent by the Church to adjust the affairs of the mission in the Hawaiian Islands, which had become badly tangled and demoralized through the work of an imposter. While there. Apostle Snow met with an almost fatal accident, and his rescue from death by drowning is easily one of the most mar- velous escapes from that form of death. In com- pany with Apostle Ezra 1'. Benson, Elder Joseph F. Smith and the remainder of the party sent to Hawaii, he sailed from Honolulu to the island of Maui and the ship cast anchor about a mile outside of the harbor of Lahaina on March 31, 1864. The entrance to the harbor was between two coral reefs, a narrow passage of rough water, and in attempting to land in the ship's small boat, all of the passengers were capsized into the surf. All got through safely to land except Apos- tle Snow and the captain of the ship. The bodies of these two men were taken from the surf, apparently lifeless, but after persistent efforts, they were finally resuscitated. Both men were rolled upon barrels until all the water they had swallowed was ejected, but even after this heroic treatment Apostle Snow failed to return to con- sciousness, and it was not until respiration was resumed by the efforts of his fellow missionaries, who placed their mouths to his and inflated his lungs with their breath, inhaling and exhaling the air in imitation of natural respiration, that he be- came conscious. His work in the islands was prosecuted successfully and the entire mission was soon enabled to return to Utah, leaving the affairs of the Church in Hawaii in a very satis- factory condition.

Upon his return to the United States, Apostle Snow immediately undertook the organization of the Brigham City Mercantile and Manufactur- ing Association, first known as the United Order of Brigham City. This institution was started on its career with but four stockholders, of whom the Apostle was one, and with a capital that did not exceed three thousand dollars. The dividends of the association, amounting to twenty-five per cent annually, were paid in merchandise, and as

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the enterprise prospered under his direction, ad- ditonal capital stock was secured and the names of new stockholders added to the original list, This prosperity continued to such an extent that the company soon had a surplus capital, and succeeded in uniting the interests of all the peo- ple and secured their patronage. This success was followed by the establishment of a number of home industries, amounting to over twenty, each paying dividends in the articles manufac- tured. These industries provided employment for several hundred people ; new and commodi- ous buildings for the various departments of the association were erected, and for twenty years an era of prosperity dwelt over the region domi- nated by this organization. Its prosperous career was checked and finally ended by a combination of unfortunate events — fire, vexatious law suits, op- pressive and illegal taxation which fell on the order with such force as to crush its business life. Its success during the twenty years that Apostle Snow directed its energies stands as a practical demonstration of his power of manage- ment, genius, industrial thrift and capacity for organization.

The progress of events in Utah were rudely shaken and much disturbance caused by the cru- sade against polygamy under the provisions of the Edmunds-Tucker Act in 1884. Many of the prominent members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints were arrested, prosecuted, fined and imprisoned under this law, for what they regarded as the right- ful exercise of their own religion. This prosecution reached its height in the next year, and on November 20, 1885, Apostle Snow was arrested at his home by a force of United States deputy marshals, who had marched north from Ogden in the night and surrounded his home, at Brieham City, before dawn. Most of his wives were, like himself, well advanced in years, and while he acknowledged them and pro- vided for their support, he was in reality living with but one wife, and to all intents and pur- poses was complying with the demands of the law. After his arrest and before his trial, his friends endeavored to secure his consent to efforts looking to his rescue from what they regarded

as persecution, but with the calm fortitude and belief of legality in his actions, which had always characterized him throughout his life, he declined their offers of assistance and submitted to what he considered a persecution for the exercise of his religion. He was tried and convicted three times for one alleged offense — that of living with and acknowledging a plurality of wives — and in addition to being heavily fined, was imprisoned in the penitentiary for eleven months. While serving this term of imprisonment, he and his fellow members of the Church who had been con- victed of violations of the Edmunds-Tucker Act, were offered amnesty provided they would prom- ise to obey the provisions of this law, but feeling that it struck at the base of their religion, the offer was declined. At the expiration of eleven months, Apostle Snow was released from the penitentiary by virtue of a decision of the Supreme Court of the LTnited States which declared illegal the practice of multiplying indictments according to the days, months or years during which polyga- mous relations might have been maintained, and under which a triple sentence had been imposed upon him by the courts of Utah. The peculiar circumstances surrounding his conviction, and the fact that his incarceration was viewed not as a punishment, but as a persecution, served only to increase the admiration, love and respect of his people, and upon his release from prison they welcomed him, not as a returned criminal, but as a martyr to his principles and to his con- ception of the right.

Upon the accession of Wilford Woodruff to the Presidency of the Church on April 6, 1889, Apostle Snow, by virtue of his long service, was the senior in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, the council next in authority to the First Presi- dency, and on the same day he was sustained as president of that council by the representatives of the Church. He continued to discharge the duties of this position for over nine years, and on September 13, 1898, eleven days after the death of President Woodruff, Apostle Snow succeeded him in the Presidency of the Church, which posi- tion he held until his death on October 10, 1901. His first action as President was to choose his companion counsellors in the First Presidency,

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and his choice was George Q. Cannon, since de- ceased, and Joseph F. Smith, who succeeded to the Presidency on the death of President Snow. When President Snow took the office of the First Presidency, the affairs of the Church were in anything but a satisfactory condition. Owing to the rigid prosecutions under the Edmunds- Tucker Act, during the decade of the eighties, much of the property of the Church had been confiscated and a large and growing debt had been incurred and the financial life of the Church was threatened. With his usual energy and ability he applied himself to the alleviation of the troubles that harassed the Church, and as trustee- in-trust, authorized the issue in bonds to the amount of a million dollars. These were readily taken up, largely by capitalists in Utah, and from the proceeds thus derived, the most pressing debts of the Church were cancelled and the rate of in- terest on its borrowed money was materially re- duced. As soon as the financial pressure was relieved and the most pressing debts settled. President Snow turned his attention to a method of securing a future assured income for the Church from its members. He decided to revive the law of tithings and to secure a better ob- servance of it from the members of the Church. The success of this work has resulted in the increased wealth of the Church and in marking his administration of the Presidency as one of the most notable in its history. This movement was inaugurated at St. George, in the extreme south- ern portion of the State, in May, 1899, where President Snow, accompanied by a large party, proclaimed as the word of the Lord to the members of the Church that if they expected to see a continuance of peace and prosperity upon the land, the divine law of tithings and offerings must be obeyed. He promised full forgiveness for past omissions and neglect and predicted that Heaven would shower its blessings upon them more abundantly than ever if the future witnesseth a faithful observance of this law. If the law was neglected and diso- beyed, he predicted the visitation of calamities and the scourging of the people for their diso- bedience. He stated that tithing must be paid, not because it would free the Church from debt,

but because it was the word of the Lord and must be obeyed. The President was followed by other speakers who gave the same counsel and the echoes of this successful start echoed through- out the whole region. This great wave of reform swept northward from St. George and resulted in the gathering of large and enthusiastic meet- ings at all the principal places north and south of Salt Lake City, and indeed, wherever there was a settlement of the people of the Church. In addition to the immediate satisfactory response to this ap- peal, President Snow, who had always held the admiration and love of his people in a marked de- gree, received increased prestige and a greater love and respect from the people of the Church. Tithes and olTerings were made with such dis- patch and such promptitude that the material conditon of the Church was greatly improved, and an era of prosperity ushered in, greater than that enjoyed by the Church for years. Many other improvements and changes were made by the new President and, throughout his term, the Church progressed, both in power and wealth, to a marked degree.

In his work as President of the Church, Lor- enzo Snow exhibited such a rare order of ability and such a comprehension of methods to success- fully overcome difficulties, that his term of office marks him not only as one of the great leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, but as one of the great pioneer captains in the development of the West. He possessed a mentality of rare breadth, being a natural finan- cier, and yet a man with a spiritually-inclined mind, a poetic temperament and literary tastes. His religion never made him sanctimonious, nor fanatical or bigoted. His broad and charitable mind made it impossible for him to persecute any man for his opinions, or interfere with his religious worship, even when he disapproved of them. Throughout his life he was an exemplary Christian, pious, zealous and devoted to the cause to which he gave his life-work. Possessing a firm will, prompt and fearless in decision and execution, jealous of his own rights and there- fore considerate of the rights of others, his bal- ance and integrity prevented him from doing any tyrannical acts, and enabled him to judge with

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rare impartiality. Spirited and independent, he was not combative in his disposition, but once convinced of the correctness of his position, held to it with all his inflexibility and tenacity of purpose that made his career a success.

Throughout the entire West, both as a leader of the Church and as a man aiding in the de- velopment of the country, no one enjoyed a greater esteem and popularity than did he. From his very youth his life was filled with stirring events, commencing as a missionary of the new religion, preaching its doctrines in hostile com- munities, taking part in the compulsory emigra- tion of the Church from civilization to the wil- derness and building up, in the great American Desert, a self-sustaining and prosperous com- munity ; building up and perfecting the Church of his choice, and with it the State of which it was the genesis, he died at the ripe old age of eighty-seven, respected by all the people and loved and revered by the people whom he so ably served and led. By his death, Utah suf- fered a great loss and one that made a wide gap in the leaders of the State. At his funeral not only was the Church and its members repre- sented, but representatives from the entire State, irrespective of religion or belief, attended his fun- eral, and the services at the Tabernacle were participated in by a gathering that completely filled that commodious structure. The funeral procession from the Tabernacle to the railroad station, was composed of upwards of twenty thou- sand people, and the streets were lined with citi- zens who paid the last marks of respect to his wonderful character and clear life. The inter- ment was made at Brigham City, the town with which he had been so intimately associated, both as its founder and builder. In the history of the West, and especially in that of the State of Utah, whether as the leader of the Church or as a leader in the development of the industries and resources of the intermountain region, President Snow's large part rightly entitles him to a high place and to the gratitude, not only to the future mem- bers of the Church, but of the citizens of the entire State as well.

UDGE ORLANDO W. POWERS. Undoubtedly one of the ablest and most profound jurists who has ever sat upon the bench or appeared before the bar of l^tah during the past half century is to be found in the person of Judge Orlando W. Powers, the subject of this sketch and a member of the law firm of Powers, Straup & Lippman. As an orator, a public speaker or a pleader be- fore the bar, Judge Powers is without a peer in this Western country, and it may be ques- tioned whether his equal in this respect is to be found in the United States. His eloquence is at all times matchless ; his wit spontaneous ; his vision clear and far-reaching and his diction su- perb. While the bar of Salt Lake City com- prises some of the brightest legal minds to be found in the entire inter-mountain region, Judge Powers easily towers above them all and is the acknowledged leader of the bar in this Western country. He is deeply versed in all the intrica- cies and questions of law, and it is through this wide knowledge, added to his wonderful per- sonality, holding his listeners spell-bound under the power of his eloquence, that much of his un- equalled success as a lawyer has been attained and many noted cases won. All through his professional career Judge Powers has devoted much of his time to politics and been a promi- nent figure in many notable political gatherings. During his speeches before the political bodies he holds the close attention of his audience from the beginning to the close of his speech, and in his flights of oratory plays upon emotions of his hearers as the master musician plays upon the in- strument, causing their wills to bend before the strength and majesty of his will as the reeds bend before the breeze. The heights to which he has at- tained in public life may best be told in the fol- lowing epitome of his life:

Judge Powers sprang from a family whose name of Powers, or Power, is from the old Korman name le Poer, and who trace their line- age in England back to the time of William the Conqueror, one of whose officers bore that name at the Battle of Hastings. From that time down the name has held an honorable place in the history of England. A curious incident is

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related of Richard le Poer, High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1187, in that "he was killed while defending the Lord's Day." When King Henry the Second invaded Ireland for conquest in 1171, a chief command was given to Sir Roger le Poer, an English Knight, and large tracts of land bestowed upon him by the crown, in recog- nition of distinguished services rendered. The British Parliament has had many members from his descendents, and among those whose line- age is traced to the ancient family is Waiter Power, of Essex, England, who emigrated to America in 1654, landed at Salem, Massachu- setts, and settled at Littleton, Middlesex county, Massachusetts. He was an ancestor of David Powers, born March 4, 1753, who was the great- grandfather of our subject. He was a soldier in the Arnerican Revolution and one of the earliest settlers of Croydon, New Hampshire. His son. Captain Peter Powers, was born there February 7, 1787, and married Lois Sanger Cooper. They emigrated to New York State and settled in Cayuga county, afterward remov- ing to Pultneyville, Wayne county. New York. Among their children was Josiah Woodworth Powers, born December 7, 1817, who in 1842 married Julia Wilson Stoddard, who died in Jan- uary, 1891. Josiah Woodworth Powers died in the year 1900. They were the parents of Judge Orlando W. Powers, the subject of this sketch.

Among the most noted members of this family in America may be mentioned Hiram Powers, sculptor, and Abigail Powers Fillmore, the wife of Millard Fillmore, formerly President of the United States, and of whom it is said that "she presided over the great and constant hospitali- ties incident to the position of mistress of the White House with a grace and dignity excelled by none of her predecessors since the days of Mrs. Madison." Mrs. Fillmore was a second cousin of Judge Powers.

Orlando W. Powers was born June 16. 1850, at Pultneyville, Wayne county, New York, a little hamlet on the shore of Lake Ontario, six- teen miles north of Palmyra, New York. There his early boyhood was passed, his father being a farmer of moderate circumstances. He received his principal education in the district school, at-

tending school winters and working on the farm during the summer months. He later attended the Sodus Academy for two terms, and also spent two terms in the Marion Collegiate Insti- tute of Wayne county, New York. His parents were not able to give him an elaborate education, although his mother, a naturally ambitious and intellectual woman, closely economized and hoarded her earnings that she might devote them to the education of her three children. At the age of eighteen years our subject was given the choice of attending the law school of Michigan LTni- versity at Ann Arbor and perfecting himself for the legal profession, or taking a literary course at Cornell University. He at that time had fully determined to become a lawyer, and from a jus- tice of the peace had obtained a copy of the Re- vised Statutes of New York, which his father was horrified to find him reading one day in the corner of a rail fence, when he was supposed to be hoeing corn. Shortly after this he was called to try his first case, which he won and for which he received five dollars, four of which he invested in "Metcalf on Contracts," which was the nuc- leus of his law library.

He entered the law school of Michigan L'ni- versity in the fall of 1869, and graduated in the spring of 1871, in the same class with Governor Charles S. Thomas, of Denver, Col- orado. He then returned home and worked on the farm for a time and secured other em- ployment in order to obtain, the means with which to start into practice. He attained his majority in the fall of 1872 and was nominated on the Democratic ticket for the Legislature, but the district being overwhelmingly Republi- can, was defeated by Hon. L. T. Yoemans, a brother-in-law of ex-President Grover Cleve- land. He moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan, the following spring, reaching there with less than one hundred dollars, never having had any ex- perience in a law office and with no practical ex- perience at the bar. He obtained the position of clerk in the ofifice of May & Buck, the former being a noted orator and at one time Lieu- tenant-Governor of Michigan. For the first three months he received his board and permis-

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sion to sleep in a back room of the office ; at the end of that time he was given a salary of ten dollars a month, in addition to his board and lodging, being required, however, to put five hundred dollars worth of law books into the firm, which he procured by borrowing the money from Hon. T. G. Yoemans, the father of his late opponent for the Legislature of New York. The Hon. George M. Buck, the junior member of the finn, was at that time prosecuting attor- ney for Kalamazoo county, and he delegated to Mr. Powers the trial of many minor criminal cases in Justice courts, which proved of incalcul- able benefit to him.

His work in the field of politics began in 1874 when he took the stump for the Democratic party of his county, and during the remainder of his residence in Michigan he took an active part in politics, being a member of every Democratic State Convention, and as a member of commit- tees on resolutions assisted in preparing many of the party platforms. He evolved and carried through the plan whereby the Democratic and Greenback parties united, which resulted in the election of many Democratic Congressmen and other officials, and which for many years placed Michigan in the column of doubtful States. During this time he enjoyed a large law prac- tice, but found time to act for many years as County Chairman for the Democrats of Kala- mazoo county, and also directed several hard- fought municipal campaigns. In 1875 the law firm of May & Buck dissolved, Governor May moving to Detroit, and Mr. Buck becoming Judge of Probate for Kalamazoo county. Air. Powers succeeded to the business of the firm, associating with him Willam H. Daniels, a bright young lawyer. Mr. Powers was elected City Attorney of Kalamazoo in the spring of 1876, and in the fall of that year was nominated for County Prosecuting Attorney, but did not receive the election, although he ran twelve hundred votes ahead of his ticket. That same year he stumped the State in the interest of Samuel J. Tilden for President, and also took part in the campaign in Indiana, speaking in the northern part of that State with Governor Hend- ricks and Hon. Daniel W. Vorhees. A strong

friendship grew up between Mr. Powers and Governor Hendricks, and thereafter he was a staunch supporter of the great Indiana states- man.

From 1878 to 1880 he was actively engaged in the practice of his profession, being connected with some of the largest cases of that section of the State. In 1880 he was urged to allow his name to be used as a candidate for Congressman from the old fourth district of Michigan, which had almost uniformly been represented by a Republican. He absolutely refused to have his name used and also refused to attend the con- vention. However, his name was put up against that of Doctor Foster Pratt, of Kalamazoo and on the first ballot he received fifty-seven votes against Doctor Pratt's three. He protested vigorously against running, but was finally over- powered by the arguments of his friends and finally accepted the nomination, be^ng defeated at the polls by Hon. Julius Caesar Burrows, afterward elected Senator from Michigan. How- ever, the result of the campaign left a bitterness of feeling existng between the older element of the party, which had desired the nomination of Doctor Pratt, which feeling continued and was a factor in the bitter fight afterwards waged against Mr. Powers' confirmation as Associate Justice of Utah, when his name was pending before the United States Senate.

In 1882 he wrote a law book upon Chancery Practice and Pleading, adapted to the Courts of Michigan. The volume consists of eight hun- dred and forty-nine pages and three hundred and five practical forms. It met with a large sale and is today a recognized authority upon the sub- ject of which it treats. In 1884, at the re- quest of the Richmond Backus Company, pub- lishers of law books, of Detroit, Michigan, he wrote a work of four hundred and thirty-six pages, entitled "Powers' Practice," treating of the subject of practice in the Supreme Court O!' the State of Michigan. This also met with u good reception from bench and bar.

In the same year, 1884, he was elected as a delegate at large to represent the State at the Democratic National Convention at Chicago, and while his candidacy for the place was op-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

posed by the element which had become dis- satisfied with his nomination for Congress, he received more than a two-thirds majority. The Michigan delegation that year took a prominent part in the convention ; it was divided as to its Presidential choice, part favoring Grover Cleveland and part, under the leadership of Mr. Powers desiring the nomination of Thomas A. Hendricks. The New York delegation was bound by the unit rule to vote as a body for 'Sir. Cleveland, although there was a strong minority led by Hon. John Kelly, of Tammany Hall who was opposed to him. .^.n effort was made to abrogate the unit rule and Mr. Powers took the floor and spoke upon that side of the question. He was the member from Michigan upon the important committee of Permanent Organiza- tion and Order of Business. Prior to the ballot for the Presidential nomination, Mr. Powers with several meipbers of the Michigan delegation, had been active in working up a sentiment in favor of the nomination of Mr. Hendricks, who was present as a delegate from Indiana, and chair- man of that delegation. The Michigan delega- tion, however, decided to cast their vote upon the first ballot for Mr. Cleveland, agreeing that if there were an opportunity to nominate IMr. Hendricks, the Cleveland men in return for the united support of the Hendricks men on the first ballot, would cast their votes for the latter. The first ballot was taken in the evening, and while Mr. Cleveland was strongly in the lead, he did not have the necessary two-thirds vote. Im- mediately after the adjournment of the conven- tion a private meeting was held in a room at the Palmer House, at which the more prominent leaders of the opposition to Mr. Cleveland were present ; among them being Samuel J. Randall, Benjamin F. Butler, John Kelly, Daniel W. Voorhees, Thomas A. Hendricks, Allen G. Thurman, Senator Bayard, General Mansur, Mr. Powers, and others. It was the sentiment of this meeting that if Mr. Cleveland was to be defeated the opposition would have to center upon Governor Hendricks as its candidate, and upon this being known, Mr. Hendricks left the meeting. General Butler proposed that upon the first ballot of the following morning the

forces should be held in line for the same candi- dates for whom they had voted on the first ballot in opposition to Mr. Cleveland, and that upon the next ballot they should all concentrate upon Mr. Hendricks. While this plan was. being discussed John Kelly, of New York, called attention to Mr. Powers being the original Hendricks man in the convention, and invited him to give his opinion of the plan. Mr. Powers favored springing the name of Air. Hendricks upon the next ballot, calling attention to the fact that upon the first ballot there had been one vote cast for him, which had brought forth much applause, and there was danger of a stampede in attempting to hold the lines as they had been on the previous ballot. As the time for notninating candidates bad closed. General Butler desired to know how Mr. Powers would place the name of Mr. Hen- dricks before the convention. "I would arise to a question of privilege," said Mr. Powers, "and upon the chair requesting that the question be stated I would say that I arose to the question of the highest privilege, that of placing in nom- ination the next President of the United States, Thomas A. Hendricks." However, it was de- termined to hold the opposition in line as it had been the night before, without any change on the next ballot. General Butler agreed to see the delegate from Illinois and have him refrain from voting for Mr. Hendricks. It was also arranged that just prior to the opening of the third bal- lot Mr. Powers should present the name of Mr. Hendricks, as he had suggested, and that Ala- bama would lead off with her vote for Hen- dricks, which would be the signal for all the op- position to concentrate upon his name. When the second ballot was taken everything pro- ceeded as intended, there being no change in the vote until the State of Illinois was reached, when the same man who had voted for Hendricks the night before again cast a ballot in his favor. The announcement was made by General John C. Black, Chairman for Illinois, in these words, "Illinois cast one vote for Thomas A. Hen- dricks." Thereupon started what is known in political history as the "Hendricks stampede," being the most remarkable demonstration that has ever taken place in any political convention.

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For forty-five minutes the building rang with shouts, cheers and cries for Hendricks, in the midst of which Mr. Hendricks escaped from the building. During the entire time of the demon- stration Gen. Black remained upon his feet, awaiting an opportunity to state the balance of the vote from Illinois. The State of Pennsylvania withdrew from the convention for consultation in the midst of the tumult, and other States fol- lowed suit but the States that had already voted could not, under the rule, change their votes in favor of Mr. Hendricks, and it was perceived by his friends that the Butler plan was doomed to failure. As the demonstration ceased, General Black completed his sentence by saying, "and thirty-eight votes for Grover Cleveland." In- diana cast her vote for Hendricks, as did a part of Michigan, but before the call of the States was completed, it was seen that Mr. Cleveland would be the nominee, and changes were made in his favor, giving him more than the necessary two-thirds vote. Mr. Powers dined that day with Governor Hendricks, and calling the atten- tion of Mr. Hendricks to his sorrow that the fight had resulted as it had, the Governor re- plied that from the noise and the demonstra- tion he believed that if the galleries could have voted he would have been the Democratic nom- inee. Mr. Hendricks then departed for Indiana, and that afternoon when the convention assem- bled to nominate a Vice-President, Daniel Man- ning, of New York, urged Mr. Powers to place Governor Hendricks in nomination, which he declined to do, insisting that he should have had the first place. Hendricks, however, was nomi- nated and became \'ice-President of the United States under Mr. Cleveland's administration.

In the spring of 1885 the Democrats again car- ried Kalamazoo, and Mr. Powers was again elected City Attorney. A contest arose over the appointment of Post Master for the city, the candidates being Doctor Pratt on the one side and the editor of the Democratic paper on the other. Hon. Don M. Dickinson, of Detroit, was just coming into prominence in national politics, and Mr. Powers went to Washington in the in- terests of his friend, the editor, and procured the services of Mr. Dickinson. A day or two after

his return to Kalamazoo he received a dispatch from Mr. Dickinson which read : "Will you ac- cept position of Associate Justice of Utah? An- swer quick." Mr Powers had no thought of any such appointment, but upon receipt of the tele- gram mimediately went to the telegraph oflSce and wrote the reply, "Yes." That was in April and in due time the appointment was made. In May of that year Mr. Powers came to Utah, took the oath of office and entered upon his du- ties as Associate Justice of Utah and Judge of the First Judicial District, with headquarters at Ogden. His experience on the bench was not of the most pleasant nature ; the laws against un- lawful co-habitation and bigamy were then being enforced with great vigor, and before he had time to become acquainted with the people or be- come familiar with his new position, cases in- volving the violation of this law were brought on for trial in his court, and at the June term of the Supreme Court that year there came up for review the cases of Angus M. Cannon and A. Milton Musser, convicted of unlawful co- habitation, which were affirmed. Mr. Powers, however, dissenting from the opinion of the court.

In the fall there came on for trial before him tne celebrated mining case of the Eureka Hill Mining Company against the Bullion-Beck and Champion IMining company, the trial of which consumed seventy-five days, and involved new and intricate questions of mining law. It was during the trial of this case that opposition began to the confirmation of Mr. Powers as Judge, by the Senate, and at the conclusion of the case, those who were disappointed with his decision gave aid and encouragement to the dissatisfied members of his party who were opposing him in the East, while the political enemies of Mr. Dick- inson joined in fighting Mr. Powers, hoping thereby to destroy the influence of Mr. Dickinson with the President. The contest continued from October until April of the succeeding year, with great vigor and bitterness. Mr. Powers remained in Utah, daily attending to his duties upon the bench, but in his efforts to cope with his ene- mies, he exhausted his finances and in April, 1886, telegraphed the President requesting him

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either to withdraw his name from the considera- tion of the Senate, or accept his resignation as Judge. The President chose to pursue the for- mer course, instructing Mr. Powers to continue in the performance of his duties until his suc- cessor was appointed. The name of Hon. Henry P. Henderson, of Mason, Michigan, was sub- mitted to Mr. Powers in June, with the query as to whether his appointment would be perfectly satisfactory to Mr. Powers, who replied in the affirmative. Judge Henderson was appointed and Mr. Powers was relieved of his duties as Judge on August i6th, and returned to Michigan, where he became editor of the Grand Rapids Daily Democrat, returning to Utah in September, 1887, and has since engaged in the practice of his pro- fession in Salt Lake City.

Judge Powers was married on October 26, 1887, to Anna Whipple, daughter of George Whipple, an old resident and merchant of Bur- lington, Iowa. Two children were born of this marriage — Don Whipple, died in 1889, and Roger Woodworth is now eleven years of age. From 1888 to 1892 Judge Powers filled the position of Chairman of the Liberal State Com- mittees, and conducted some of the most vigor- ously contested campaigns ever conducted in LTtah. It was during this period that the famous "Registration train" was run by the Liberal party in the campaign of 1890. The laws in Utah were such that a man could register by taking the required oath before a notary public in any section of the country, and sending that vote to the registration officer, whose duty it was to put the voter upon the list. The Rio Grande Western was at that time broad-gauging its track and employed several hundred men. As the need of completing the improvements speed- ily was urgent and the company fearful that they would not return to work if allowed to come to Salt Lake City, felt unwilling to allow them to do so. Mr. Powers consulted leading attorneys who assured him that it would be proper for a registration officer to register any bona fide vot- ers, residents of Salt Lake City, who were work- ing for the railroad company, wherever they might be found within the State, and it was his purpose to advertise that this would be done, in

order to allow both sides an opportunity to reg- ister. However, during his absence on law busi- ness in Provo, a special train was hired and started from Salt Lake City at midnight, in a clandestine manner, to register voters, the train containing registration officers. Mr. Powers be- came very indignant upon learning what had been done, and when the registration officers re- turned to Salt Lake, told them that if they placed upon the registration list any names secured in this manner, he would challenge them at the proper time and, as a result, none were placed upon the list. This episode created much adverse comment, and Judge Po\vers, as Chairman of the Committee, was held responsible, which respon- bility he accepted. Upon the other hand, the managers of the People's Party had secured In- spector Bonfield, of Chicago, to come secretly to Salt Lake City, with a number of assistants and detectives, to aid in the campaign. Mr. Powers caused the Bonfield matter to be exposed just prior to the election, which also caused intense excitement. The Liberal ticket won by a major- ity of eight hundred and forty.

Anticipating the division upon political lines. Judge Powers organized the Tuscarora Society, a Democratic organization, which grew to a mem- bership of eleven hundred, and became a strong political factor. At the National Convention in Chicago, in 1892, this society ran a special train, containing a drum corps and about sixty mem- bers of the organization, to Chicago ; where they became the feature of the convention. Judge Powers, with Fred J. Kiesel, attended the con- vention as delegates from Utah, representing the Gentile wing of the Democratic party. Their right to sit as delegates was contested by Judge Henderson and Hon. John T. Caine, represent- atives of the newly-formed democratic party of Utah ; the latter being seated.

In 1892 Judge Powers was elected a member of the Legislature of Utah, and served during the session of 1893. In 1895 he was unanimously elected Chairman of the Democratic State Cen- tral Committee, and waged a vigorous campaign, being re-elected to the same office in 1896, the State that year giving a very heavy democratic majority. At the request of the National Com-

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51

mittee, he stumped the States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska and Wyoming in 1896, part of the time speaking with Mr. Bryan from the latter's special train. He was Chairman of the Utah delegation to the Convention held in Chicago that year. He submitted the plan for the organiz- ation of silver delegates, which was later adopted in the convention and which proved so effective, surprising the gold delegates by its completeness. He also placed in nomination the name of Hon. John W. Daniel, of Virginia, for Vice-President, making a speech that was highly complimented.

In December of that year he resigned as Chair- man of the Democratic State Committee and an- nounced himself as a candidate for the United States Senate, withdrawing, however, in favor of Hon. Moses Thatcher, before the balloting commenced, the conditions at that time impressing Judge Powers that it was his duty to do so. Nevertheless, during the whole fight, he was voted for by Senator Mattie Hughes Cannon. In 1898 he again became a candidate for United States Senator, and was one of the leading candidates during the whole session, which resulted in no election of a Senator from Utah.

On August 26, 1899, an attempt was made by an ex-convict, commonly called John Y. Smith, to take the life of Judge Powers by an infernal machine loaded with giantpowder and fulminating caps. The contrivance was ingeniously con- structed, but by one of those fortunate mental warnings, which baffle description, but which are sometimes experienced. Judge Powers did not open the box, but turned it over to the police who discovered its dangerous character. The Governor of Utah offered a reward of five hun- dred dollars for the arrest and conviction of the perpetrator, and he was secured while endeavor- ing to escape. His trial was had in December, 1899, and he was convicted of assault with in- tent to murder. The day after his conviction he ended his life by taking morphine with suicidal intent, .^fter his conviction he confessed his con- nection with the effort to take Judge Power's life, but alleged that he had an associate. He also stated that his true name was Louis James, and that he was a cousin of the notorious Jesse Tames. After his death he was identified bv one

who knew him in childhood as being what he claimed to be, Louis James.

It is safe to say that during the long period of time in which Judge Powers has practiced his profession, and among the large and noted cases, both civil and criminal, which he has conducted, not only in Utah but in the State of Michigan, that he has met with more uniform success than any other attorney, either East or West; in fact, it is very seldom that he ever loses a big case. His long and most honorable career in Utah has brought him prominently before the people and won him a large circle of friends and admirers. Personally, he is one of the most genial, pleasant gentlemen one would wish to meet, and is in large demand where there is any occasion for speech-making.

ANIEL H. WELLS, Deceased. In taking a retrospective view of Utah during the past half-century, and of the men who have been closely identified with it through its period of direst trouble and hardship, the name of Daniel H. Wells stands out in bold relief, and while he has passed from earth's scenes, his influence still lives and will continue to live for generations yet to come.

Daniel Hanmer Wells was born at Trenton, Oneida County, New York, October 27, 1814, and was the only son of Daniel and Catherine (Chapin) Wells. Our subject's mother was Mr. Well's second wife, by whom he also had one daughter, Catherine Chapin Wells. Mr. Wells had five daughters by his first wife, all of whom are now dead. He was born at Weathersfield, Connecticut, and was descended through Joshua ; Joseph, Robert and John from Thomas Wells, the first .\merican progenitor, who settled at Hartford in 1660, and became the fourth governor of Connecticut, and was several times elected al- ternately to the office of Governor and Lieuten- ant-Governor of that colony.

Catherine Chapin was the daughter of David Chapin, a Revolutionary soldier, and connected with one of the oldest and most distinguished New England families. He served under the

52

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

immediate command of Washington, and during the greater part of the war for Independence. He died at the great age of ninety-si.x, and is buried at Havana, New York.

When our subject was but twelve years of age his father died and it became necessary for him to aid in supporting the family. He worked on a farm until eighteen years of age, when, the estate being settled and he and his sister each re- ceiving a small competence, he moved with his mother and sister to Marietta, Ohio, and again took up farming, devoting the winter to teaching. From there, they moved to Hancock county, Illinois, settling near Commerce, afterward known as Nauvoo. Here he again took up farming and supported his mother and sister until they both married. He accumulated a large amount of land in Illinois, and became a successful farmer. His life of sober industry and his keen interest in the welfare of the community in whch he lived, made him very popular, and before he had reached his majority he was elected to offices of honor and trust, being first a constable and then justice of the peace and was an officer in the first military organization of Hancock county. He was a Whig, in politics, and prominent in the political conventions of the period. As "Squire Wells" he became noted as a man of strict in- tegrity, with a high sense of justice and impar- tiality.

In 1839, when the Latter Day Saints, fleeing from Missouri, settled at Commerce, he aided in securing for them a cordial welcome. He owned eighty acres of land on the bluff, which he platted and sold them at low figures and on long time payments, and the chief part of the city and the Mormon Temple was built on land that had belonged to him. He became a warm friend to Joseph Smith, and when the opposition to the Mormons reached its height he espoused the cause of these people, although at that time not a member of the Church, which he joined August 9, 1846, six weeks before the battle en- sued in which the Mormons were driven from the State. He was among the last to leave the city. One of the balls from the cannon reaching the Iowa side of the river, Mr. Wells sent it to the governor of that State as a souvenir with the

laconic message that his State was being invaded.

After settling up his affairs in Illinois, which involved the greatest sacrifice of his life — separa- tion from his wife and only son — Squire Wells started for the West and came to Utah in 1848, acting as Aide-de-camp to President Brigham Young on the second journey of the pioneers. When Salt Lake City was laid out he drew a lot in the Eighth Ward, but President Young desir- ing him to live nearer Church headquarters, he moved to a site near the Eagle Gate, where he remained for a number of years, and afterwards moved to the site now occupied by the Zion's Savings Bank, also acquiring valuable land in Salt Lake and Utah counties. He took the same interest in the affairs of this State that he had in Illinois and held many high positions, being a member of the first Legislative Council, State Attorney-General, Major-General of the Nauvoo Legion, the State Militia, and on March 7, 1855, received from President Brigham Young the commission of Lieutenant-General of the Legion. He took a prominent part in the Indian troubles in L^tah and Sanpete counties, being in the bat- tles at Provo, Battle Creek and Payson. He was also in command of the Echo Canyon expedi- tion at the time of the Johnston army troubles and figured largely in all the exciting experiences of those early days.

From 1866 to 1876 he was mayor of the city of Salt Lake, and during that time carried on a perpetual warfare against crime, the city being conspicuously free from vice during that time. He became the firm friend and supporter of edu- cation and was one of the first regents of the University of Deseret, being its Chancellor from 1869 to 1878. Mr. Wells also took an active in- terest in all matters pertaining to the develop- ment of the resources of the State, and developed the first coal mines in Summit county, and for many years operated the lumber mills in the Big Cottonwood Canyon. He also managed the suc- cessful manufacture of nails, and in 1872 es- tablished the Gas Works of Salt Lake City, to the success of which he pledged his entire property. He was always a large employer of men and thousands can testify to his generous treatment of those who worked for him. While Superin-

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

53

tendent of Public Works he assisted many poor families in getting work and becoming independ- ent.

In the Church, President Wells held the offices of Elder, High Priest and Apostle. He was appointed Second Counselor to President Young on January 4, 1857, and in company with Presi- dent Young and Heber C. Kimball visited the Saints throughout the State, aiding in locating and organizing many settlements, frequently hav- ing entire charge of affairs in the absence of President Young. His position as one of the First Presidency he occupied until the death of President Young, August 29. 1877. Then, the Twelve Apostles succeeding to the Presidency, he was appointed as Counselor to that Quorum, and held the place until his death. In 1864 he w-as sent on a mission to Europe, returning in 1865, and in 1868 took charge of the Endow- ment house, where he ministered in the ordi- nances for the living and the dead for many years.

On May 3, 1879, he was sent to the penitenti- ary for contempt of court in the Miles polygamy case, for refusing to disclose the rites of the En- dowment house. Being interrogated by the pros- ecution in relation to clothing worn in those ceremonies, he made the following answer: "I decline to answer that question because I am under moral and sacred obligations not to answer, and it is interwoven in my character never to betray a friend, a brother, my country, my God or my religion." He was sentenced to a fine of one hundred dollars and imprisonment for two days. He paid the penalty and on May 6th was escorted from the penitentiary by a procession hastily, but thoroughly organized, of over ten thousand people, carrying banners, mottos, flags and signs of rejoicing, being one of the most remarkable demonstrations of respect ever wit- nessed in this country.

In the summer of 1876 he was placed in charge of a company to visit the newly started settlements in Arizona, and in crossinp' the Colo- rado river narrowly escaped drowning, the boat capsizing and the whole outfit being swept away. Bishop Roundy, who was one of his companions, was drowned. He again went on a mission to

Europe in 1884, presiding over the European mis- sion and visiting the churches throughout the British Isles ; also Scandinavia. Germany and Switzerland, remaining about three years, and on his return to the United States visited his rela- tives in the East, reaching home in July, 1887. When the Manti Temple was dedicated he was appointed to take charge, in which work he was engaged up to the time of his death, March ^4 1891.

Daniel H. Wells was the husband of seven wives, six of whom survived him, by whom he had thirty-seven children, of whom twelve sons and twelve daughters are living, and at the time of his death left twenty-five living grandchildren.

.Mr. Wells was a man of unassuming manners, kind and hospitable, and his faith in his Church and the doctrines it expounded was unbounded. The funeral services were held in the Tabernacle, and although the weather was extremely incle- ment, thousands of people attended the services, which were of a. most solemn and impressive character.

LSOX I. SXYDER. It isn't the performance or execution of some great thing in life that makes a man a success or a valuable citizen in the community in which he lives ; on the other hand, it is the careful, vigilant and close attention to the most minute details of everyday life that forms the elements of success. Among the men who have achieved success by close and careful attention to business, should be mentioned the subject of this sketch.

Wilson I. Snyder was born twelve miles south of Salt Lake City, on the Jordan river, in 1856. He was the son of George G. Snyder, who was born in Watertown, Jefferson county, New York, in 1819. His early life was spent on a farm, and after attaining his majority, he engaged in the potash industry in New York and Canada. In 1844 he left his native State and went West, passing through Chicago, which was then but a small, straggling village, and was here offered a large tract of land where the most valuable property in Chicago now stands, for a yoke of

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

oxen, which he refused to accept. He moved on to Missouri and settled in Jefferson county. His father, Isaac, was a son of Jacob Snyder, the family originally coming from Germany and set- tling in Pennsylvania, being among the earliest settlers of that State. George G. Snyder's mother was Louisa (Comstock) Snyder, whose family were of English extraction, the first member of the family having come over to America in the Mayftozver, The Comstock family settled in cen- tral New York. Peter Comstock established the first express route from Rochester to the Hudson river, which later formed the nucleus of the Adams Express Company. Our subject's mother, Elsie (Jacob) Snyder, was a daughter of Norton Jacob, who belonged to an old English family which came from the vicinity of Ipswich. Nor- ton Jacob was a carpenter, joiner and millwright and was considered one the best mechanics of his time. He came to Utah in the early history of the country, marrying his wife in New York and emigrating thither and living in Utah until the time of his death, which occurred in Glenwood, Sevier county, in 1882. At the time of his death Mr. Jacob was a member of the Mormon Church. The first member of the Jacob family also came over in the Mayflower, and settled in Massachu- setts, where some branch of the family has con- tinued to reside, ever since, in the old town of Sheffield, Berkshire county. Norton Jacob was the first to leave that section of the country, and came to what was then considered the far West, to Jamestown, New York.

During the time of the gold excitement in Cali- fornia in 1849, our subject's father left Missouri for the gold fields of that section, going by way of Salt Lake City and spending the winter in the Salt Lake Valley. In the autumn of 1850 he landed in Sacramento and later moved to Dia- mond Springs, where he built and successfully run a hotel for four years. He amassed consid- erable wealth in the gold fields of California, and determined to return East, and on his return stopped again in Salt Lake City. Having early joined the Mormon Church, and having many friends and associates in this valley, he changed his mind and concluded to locate in this section. He successfully carried on business in this and

Davis county for a number of years. He later moved to Cache county, where lie located and successfully operated the first saw mill ever built in that section. In 1864 he moved to Summit county, where he engaged in the stock and ranch business, freighting, livery, merchandising, and mining business ; he being among the first to settle in Park City, and laying out a portion of that town. JNIr. Snyder served on two missions to England and the Eastern States for his Church, and was also Probate Judge of Summit county for six years. He spent the balance of his life in Park City, and died there in 1887. His wife died in March, 1891.

Our subject spent his boyhood days in Salt Lake City and Summit county, .where his father owned a ranch six miles north of Park City. He received his early education in the schools of Wanship and by private instruction, his father employing a college professor of prominence, from England, on one occasion for more than a year, to instruct his children in the higher branches of their education, the schools that then existed in this secjiion of the country, affording but meagre facilities. At about seventeen or eighteen years of age, in the latter part of 1874, he commenced the study of law in the otnce of Judge Jabez G. Sutherland, at that time one of the most noted mining attorneys in the State. He later studied under the direction of Judge E. F. Dunne. On October 21, 1878, Mr. Snyder was admitted to the bar and the same year opened his office in Park City, where he continued to practice successfully until about one year ago, when he settled in Salt Lake City, still retaining his branch office in Park City, under the firm name of Snyder, Westerfelt & Snyder. Mr. Snyder's whole life has been closely identified with the mining interests of Utah, and his practice has been largely with corporations and mining companies. He is the author of a work on mining law, and also of an article on mines and mining in an encyclopaedia of law. He is considered one of the ablest at- torneys in this State.

Mr. Snyder was married in 1877, in Pleasant Grove, Utah, to Miss Lythia Brown, daughter of Bishop John Brown, one of the pioneers of this State. Thev have had two children, one of

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

55

whom is living — Miss Cora Helen Snyder. His first wife died in 1881, and he married again to Mrs. Elizabeth (Wells Arrick), a native of Shef- field, England, who came to America early in life and was raised and educated in this country.

In political life, Mr. Snyder has been a republi- can ever since the organization of that party in this State. He has been active in the work of his party and is well-known in public life, having filled the office of County Attorney of Summit county. City Attorney of Park City, school trustee and a number of other minor offices. In 1896 he was a candidate on the republican ticket for the office of District Judge, but the party, that year, w'as unsuccessful. In social life, he is a member of the Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, and the Woodmen of the World.

While Mr. Snyder has been actively engaged in his law practice, yet this has not consumed all of his time, for he is prominently identified with the mining interests of this State, being one of the original organizers of the Ajax mine and the California mine, and is still identified w^ith the latter mine, being the president of that company. He is also largely interested in other mining properties throughout this intermountain region.

OX. CHARLES S. ZANE. In pre- senting to the readers of this volume the life and career of Charles S. Zane, cx-Chief Justice of Utah, we are per- petuating the name of one of the most learned, renowned and popular men who ever graced the bench or bar of this State. For a period of more than twenty-six years, Judge Zane has been prominently associated with the legal life of the States of Illinois and Utah, and during this time has won a constantly increasing reputation for breadth of knowledge and keenness of intel- lectual faculties. In the many positions of honor to which he has been called he has proved him- self a man of superior ability, in whose ■ hands large responsibilities may safely be entrusted, and by his unbiased and just decisions while on the bench of Utah, won the esteem and good will of hundreds of people whom, in his official capacity,

he was compelled to pronounce guilty of a viola- tion of the laws of the United States during the Territorial existence of Utah, and sentence to fine and imprisonment ; as well as the hearty admira- tion and support of his colleagues and the better class of citizens in the territory.

Charles S. Zane was born in Cumberland county. New Jersey, Alarch 2, 1831. He traces his lineage in this country back to Robert Zane, a Quaker, who came from England with a com- pany of people of his faith, and settled at Salem, Gloucester county. New Jersey, in 1672. The family continued to reside in this county for a number of generations. A descendant of this family emigrated to the western part of Virginia prior to the Revolution, and numerous members of the family are to be found in that State today. One of this family was a member of the com- mittee of Feill in the \'irginia House of Bur- gesses, of which Patrick Henry was chairman, and which drafted the resolutions of resistance to the English Government. The Virginia branch of the family took a large part in the settlement of the State of Ohio. The well-known exploit of Elizabeth Zane at the blockhouse of Zanesville, is still remembered among the cherished tra- ditions of the Muskingum Valley. The New Jersey branch of the family continued Quakers until within the present century. The father of the subject of this sketch, Andrew Zane, was born and bred, during his early life, in Gloucester county, New Jersey, and -there married Mary Franklin, a distant relative of the philosopher, Benjamin Franklin. They later moved to Cum- berland county where there was no Quaker com- munity, and there identified themselves with the Methodist church, and while attaching but little importance to sectarian differences, they always clung to the simplicity of speech and dress of the Friends. Andrew Zane was a thrifty farmer, of correct and religious life, industrious habits and excellent judgment.

Our subject grew up on his father's farm, where he worked in the summer and attended the country school in the winter. However, the school-masters of that district were very illiterate men at the time our subject was in school, and his progress during this period was not rapid. In

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BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD.

the fall of 1848 he went to Philadelphia where he engaged as a clerk in a grocery store, but this life proving uncongenial, returned home the fol- lowing spring. Here he hauled the stone with which the light house was constructed at East Point, on the Delaware Bay. He returned to Philadelphia that fall and acquired an interest in a livery business, selling his interest the follow- ing March and starting for Illinois. The means of locomotion in those days were very crude and it took all day to traverse the same distance that is now traversed in two hours. This journey consumed two weeks, but was filled with many interesting and amusing incidents, which served to break the monotony and fatigue incident to the trip. Arriving in Springfield he took the stage for his brother's farm, which lay in the same neighborhood in which the Reverend Peter Cart- wright resided. Mr. Cartwright was a Kentuck- ian by birth and a prominent figure in that part of the country. He had served as Chaplain of a regiment in General Jackson's army and took part in the Battle of New Orleans. On the eve of this battle, General Jackson called his Chaplains to- gether and instructed them to preach a strong sermon to the soldiers, telling them the Lord would take their souls straight to Heaven if they fell in battle; to which Mr. Cartw-right replied that he could not go that far, but would say to them as forcibly as he could that he believed their country's cause was the cause of God, and that he believed those who died fighting would be given credit for their bravery and sacrifice on the day of judgment. He was a man of strong con- victions and usually spoke with much earnest- ness.

During that year our subject engaged in brick- makmg and farm work and during the next winter, in company with another man, cut di^wn trees and split posts and rails with which he fenced one hundred and sixty acres of prairie land the following spring. During the winter he had frozen one of his feet quite seriously. He spent the summer of 1852 breaking the prairie land with four yoke of oxen and a large plow. In September of that year he entered McKendree College, prosecuting his studies under great dis- advantage on account of his lack of preparation.

Dr. Akers had been elected president of this col- lege, although he did not enter upon his duties until late in the term. He preached his first and second sermon at the college. His first discourse was purely chronological, consisting of a state- ment of dates and events as found in the Bible. After he had consumed more than two hours, he stated that he believed that the remainder of his discourse would be more intersting, and that on the next Sunday he would resume. The dis- course had been very dry, but the next Sunday he was very eloquent. His appearance and manner when speaking, indicated great clearness and force. Like Cartwright he was a man of pro- found convictions ; neither appeared to be troubled with a doubt or fear ; they were about the same age ; belonged to the Methodist Church, and lived the most of their lives in the central part of Illinois. Cartwright was a thrifty farmer, as well as an able divine. Akers was a student, and much the more learned, taking but little interest in the acquisition of wealth ; he was an ardent opponent to slavery and never hesitated to de- nounce it on proper occasion, regarding it as opposed to the teachings of the Bible. Years before the Civil War he preached at a camp- meeting near Springfield and took occasion to condemn slavery in strong language. He said that it was opposed to both civil and religious liberty and predicted that sooner or later it would go down in blood. Mr. Lincoln, who had a very high regard for Mr. Akers, had gone out to hear the sermon, and on the way home referred